tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10518103812844483872024-03-12T16:36:34.147-07:00Poetry Writes & Stuff from Sinbad the Sailor ManThis is a would be Poet, and his alter ego's quest. They are self publishing their works. While increasing their portions, from this treasured laden land, adding to their chests daily 24/7 365 days a year pennies from Heaven an unlimited source. Also hoping to spread their knowledge to the Lost Souls of this World, As they complete their 180 degree turn heading out of the storm, they no longer sailing these oceans blue. Donnie/Sinbad
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.comBlogger360125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-72377164483088221772016-10-02T00:15:00.002-07:002016-10-02T00:15:48.054-07:00"The City On The Hill" ~John Winthrop<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The passengers of the <i>Arbella</i> who left England in 1630 with their
new charter had a great vision. They were to be an example for the rest
of the world in rightful living. Future governor <span class="term">John Winthrop</span> stated their purpose quite clearly: "We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us."<br />
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<b>John Winthrop</b> (12 January 1587/88<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dates_1-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-dates-1">[1]</a></sup> – 26 March 1649) was an English <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, the first major settlement in what is now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>.<br />
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Winthrop led the first large wave of immigrants from England in 1630,
and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years of
existence.<br />
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His writings and vision of the colony as a Puritan "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_upon_a_hill" title="City upon a hill">city upon a hill</a>" dominated New England colonial development, influencing the governments and religions of neighboring colonies.<br />
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Born into a wealthy landowning and merchant family, Winthrop was trained in the law, and became <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" title="Lord of the Manor">Lord of the Manor</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groton,_Suffolk" title="Groton, Suffolk">Groton</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>.<br />
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Although he was not involved in the founding of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Company" title="Massachusetts Bay Company">Massachusetts Bay Company</a> in 1628, he became involved in 1629 when the anti-Puritan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> began a crackdown on <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonconformism" title="Nonconformism">Nonconformist</a>
religious thought.<br />
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In October 1629 he was elected governor of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony, and in April 1630 he led a group of colonists
to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, founding a number of communities on the shores of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay" title="Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>.<br />
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Between 1629 and his death in 1649, he served 19 annual terms as
governor or lieutenant-governor, and was a force of comparative
moderation in the religiously conservative colony, clashing with the
more conservative <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a> and the more liberal <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_%28theologian%29" title="Roger Williams (theologian)">Roger Williams</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane</a>.<br />
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Although Winthrop was a respected political figure, his attitude toward
governance was somewhat authoritarian: he resisted attempts to widen
voting and other civil rights beyond a narrow class of religiously
approved individuals, opposed attempts to codify a body of laws that the
colonial magistrates would be bound by, and also opposed unconstrained
democracy, calling it "the meanest and worst of all forms of
government".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mor92_2-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mor92-2">[2]</a></sup><br />
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The authoritarian and religiously conservative nature of Massachusetts
rule was influential in the formation of neighboring colonies, which
were in some instances formed by individuals and groups opposed to the
rule of the Massachusetts elders.<br />
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Winthrop's son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop_the_Younger" title="John Winthrop the Younger">John</a>, was one of the founders of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a>,
and Winthrop himself wrote one of the leading historical accounts of
the early colonial period.<br />
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His long list of descendants includes famous
Americans, and his writings continue to influence politicians today.<br />
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<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Life_in_England"> </span><span class="fn">John Winthrop</span>
</h2>
<table class="infobox vcard"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><br /></th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnWinthropColorPortrait.jpg"><img alt="JohnWinthropColorPortrait.jpg" data-file-height="493" data-file-width="410" height="265" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/JohnWinthropColorPortrait.jpg/220px-JohnWinthropColorPortrait.jpg" width="220" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background: lavender; text-align: center;">2nd, 6th, 9th, and 12th <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />
1630–1634</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />
1637–1640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />
1642–1644</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />
1646–1649</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background: lavender; text-align: center;">Personal details</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td>12 January 1587/8<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardstone" title="Edwardstone">Edwardstone</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>26 March 1649 (aged 61)<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></td>
</tr>
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<th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th>
<td>Mary Forth, Thomasine Clopton, Magaret Tyndal, Martha Rainsborough</td>
</tr>
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<th scope="row">Profession</th>
<td>Lawyer, governor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Religion</th>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan" title="Puritan">Puritanism</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Signature</th>
<td><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Winthrop_Signature.svg" title="John Winthrop's signature"><img alt="" data-file-height="64" data-file-width="154" height="53" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/John_Winthrop_Signature.svg/128px-John_Winthrop_Signature.svg.png" width="128" /></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Life_in_England">Life in England</span></h2>
<h2>
</h2>
John Winthrop was born on 12 January 1587/8<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dates_1-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-dates-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> to Adam and Anne (née Browne) Winthrop in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardstone" title="Edwardstone">Edwardstone</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. His birth was recorded in the parish register at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groton,_Suffolk" title="Groton, Suffolk">Groton</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
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His father's family had been successful in the textile business, and
his father was a lawyer and prosperous landowner with several properties
in Suffolk.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><br />
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His mother's family was also well-to-do, with properties in Suffolk and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><br />
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When Winthrop was young his father became a director at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> When Winthrop's uncle John (Adam's brother) emigrated to Ireland, the Winthrop family took up residence at Groton Manor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
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Winthrop was first tutored at home by John Chaplin and was assumed to have attended grammar school at Bury St. Edmunds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthrop.2C_John_9-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthrop.2C_John-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
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He was also regularly exposed to religious discussions between his
father and clergymen, and thus came at an early age to a deep
understanding of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a>.<br />
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He was admitted to Trinity College in December 1602,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> matriculating at the university a few months later.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><br />
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Among the students that he would have interacted with were <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cotton_%28Puritan%29" title="John Cotton (Puritan)">John Cotton</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wheelwright" title="John Wheelwright">John Wheelwright</a>, two men who would also have important roles in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was a close childhood and university friend of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Spring_of_Pakenham" title="William Spring of Pakenham">William Spring</a>, later a Puritan Member of Parliament, with whom he would correspond for the rest of his life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><br />
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The teenage Winthrop admitted in his diary of the time to "lusts ... so masterly as no good could fasten upon me."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Biographer Francis Bremer suggests that Winthrop's need to control his
baser impulses may have prompted him to leave school early and marry at
an unusually early age.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 1604 Winthrop journeyed to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambridge" title="Stambridge">Great Stambridge</a> in Essex with a friend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> They stayed at the home of a family friend, and Winthrop was favorably impressed with their daughter, Mary Forth.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><br />
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Winthrop left Trinity College to marry Mary on 16 April 1605 at Great Stambridge.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> Mary bore him five children, of whom only three survived to adulthood.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M268_70_19-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-M268_70-19">[19]</a></sup><br />
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The oldest of their children was <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop,_the_Younger" title="John Winthrop, the Younger">John Winthrop, the Younger</a>, who became a governor and magistrate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mayo5961_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mayo5961-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ProcMHS2_21-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-ProcMHS2-21">[21]</a></sup><br />
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Their last two children, two girls, died not long after birth, and Mary died in 1615 from complications of the last birth.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M268_70_19-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-M268_70-19">[19]</a></sup><br />
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The couple spent most of their time at Great Stambridge, living on the Forth estate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B91_22-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B91-22">[22]</a></sup><br />
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In 1613 Adam Winthrop transferred the family holdings in Groton to Winthrop, who then became <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" title="Lord of the Manor">Lord of the Manor</a> at Groton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><br />
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<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Lord_of_the_Manor">Lord of the Manor</span></h3>
As
Lord of the Manor, Winthrop was deeply involved in the management of
the estate, overseeing the agricultural activities and the manor house.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He eventually followed his father in practicing law in London, which
would have brought him into contact with the city's business elite.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was also appointed to the county commission of the peace, a position
that gave him a wider exposure among other lawyers and landowners, and a
platform to advance what he saw as God's kingdom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup><br />
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The commission's responsibilities included overseeing countywide
issues, including road and bridge maintenance, and the issuance of
licenses.<br />
<br />
Some of its members were also empowered to act as local judges
for minor offenses, although Winthrop was only able to exercise this
authority in cases affecting his estate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The full commission met quarterly, and Winthrop forged a number of important connections through its activities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnWinthropJr.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="307" data-file-width="250" height="209" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/JohnWinthropJr.jpg/170px-JohnWinthropJr.jpg" width="170" /></a>
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John's eldest son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop_the_Younger" title="John Winthrop the Younger">John Winthrop the Younger</a></div>
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Winthrop documented his religious life, keeping a journal beginning
1605 in which he described his religious experiences and feelings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B91_22-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B91-22">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In it, he described his failures to keep "divers vows", and sought to
reform his failings by God's grace, praying that God would "give me a
new heart, joy in his spirit; that he would dwell with me".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop was somewhat distressed that his wife did not share the
intensity of his religious feelings, but he eventually observed that
"she proved after a right godly woman."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was notably more intensely religious than his father, whose diaries dealt almost exclusively with secular matters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><br />
<br />
When his wife Mary died in 1615, Winthrop, following the custom of
the time, remarried soon after, marrying Thomasine Clopton on 6 December
1615. She was noticeably more pious than Mary had been: Winthrop wrote
that she was "truly religious & industrious therein".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B103_33-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B103-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Thomasine died on 8 December 1616 from complications of childbirth; the child did not survive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B103_33-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B103-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In approximately 1613 (records indicate it may have been earlier), Winthrop was enrolled at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a>. There he <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">read the law</a>, but did not <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Called_to_the_Bar" title="Called to the Bar">advance to the Bar</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His legal connections introduced him to the Tyndal family of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Maplestead" title="Great Maplestead">Great Maplestead</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, and in 1617 he began courting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Tyndal_Winthrop" title="Margaret Tyndal Winthrop">Margaret Tyndal</a>, the daughter of Sir John Tyndal, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Chancery" title="Court of Chancery">chancery</a> judge and his wife Anne Egerton, sister of the leading Puritan preacher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Egerton_%28clergyman%29" title="Stephen Egerton (clergyman)">Stephen Egerton</a>.<br />
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Her family was initially opposed to the match on financial grounds;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Winthrop countered by appealing to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">piety</a> as a virtue that more than compensated for his modest income.<br />
<br />
The couple were married on 29 April 1618 at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Maplestead" title="Great Maplestead">Great Maplestead</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><br />
<br />
They continued to live at Groton, although Winthrop necessarily divided
his time between Groton and London, where he eventually acquired a
highly desirable post in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Wards_and_Liveries" title="Court of Wards and Liveries">Court of Wards and Liveries</a>.<br />
<br />
His eldest son John sometimes assisted Margaret with the management of the estate while he was away.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Decision_to_emigrate">Decision to emigrate</span></h3>
In
the mid to late 1620s, the religious atmosphere in England began to
look bleak for Puritans and other groups whose adherents believed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a> was in danger. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> had ascended the throne in 1625, and he had married a Roman Catholic.<br />
<br />
Charles was opposed to all manner of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recusant" title="Recusant">recusants</a>, and supported the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in its efforts against religious groups like the Puritans that did not adhere fully to its teachings and practices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M64_38-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-M64-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This atmosphere of intolerance to their views led Puritan religious and business leaders to consider emigration to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> as a viable means to escape persecution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="200" data-file-width="150" height="200" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg" width="150" /></a>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a> preceded Winthrop as governor in Massachusetts</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
The first successful religious colonization of the New World occurred in 1620 with the establishment of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> on the shores of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_Bay" title="Cape Cod Bay">Cape Cod Bay</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><br />
<br />
An effort in 1624 orchestrated by pastor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_White_%28colonist_priest%29" title="John White (colonist priest)">John White</a> led to a short-lived colony at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Ann" title="Cape Ann">Cape Ann</a>, also on the Massachusetts coast.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 1628 some of the investors in that effort joined with new investors
to acquire a land grant for the territory roughly between the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack Rivers</a>.<br />
<br />
First styled the New England Company, it was renamed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Company" title="Massachusetts Bay Company">Massachusetts Bay Company</a> in 1629 after it acquired a royal charter, granting it permission to govern the territory.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Shortly after acquiring the land grant in 1628, it sent a small group of settlers led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a> to prepare the way for further migration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><br />
<br />
John Winthrop was apparently not involved in any of these early activities, which involved primarily individuals from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>;
however, by early 1629 he was probably aware of the company's
activities and plans.<br />
<br />
The exact connection by which he became involved
with the company is uncertain, because there were many indirect
connections between Winthrop and individuals directly associated with
the company.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop was also aware of attempts to colonize other places—his son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Winthrop" title="Henry Winthrop">Henry</a> became involved in efforts to settle <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> in 1626, which Winthrop financially supported for a time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In March 1629 King Charles dissolved Parliament, beginning <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Rule" title="Personal Rule">eleven years of rule</a> without Parliament.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M64_38-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-M64-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This action apparently raised new concerns among the company's principals; in the company's July meeting, Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Cradock" title="Matthew Cradock">Matthew Cradock</a> proposed that the company reorganize itself and transport its charter and governance to the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It also worried Winthrop, who lost his position in the Court of Wards
and Liveries in the crackdown on Puritans that followed the dissolution
of Parliament. He wrote, "If the Lord seeth it wilbe good for us, he
will provide a shelter & a hidinge place for us and others".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M64_38-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-M64-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During the following months, Winthrop became more involved with the
company, meeting with others in Lincolnshire. By early August he had
emerged as a significant proponent of emigration, and on 12 August he
circulated a paper providing eight separate reasons in favor of
emigration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His name appears in formal connection with the company on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Agreement" title="Cambridge Agreement">Cambridge Agreement</a>,
signed 26 August; this document provided means for emigrating
shareholders to buy out non-emigrating shareholders of the company.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The company shareholders met on 20 October to enact the changes
agreed to in August. Since Governor Cradock was not emigrating, a new
governor needed to be chosen.<br />
<br />
Winthrop was seen as the most dedicated of
the three candidates proposed to replace Cradock, and won the election.<br />
<br />
The other two, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Saltonstall" title="Richard Saltonstall">Richard Saltonstall</a>
and John Humphrey, had many other interests, and their dedication to
the cause of settling in Massachusetts was viewed as uncertain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Humphrey was chosen as deputy governor, a post he relinquished the following year when he decided to delay his emigration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop, along with other company officials, then began the process
of arranging a transport fleet and supplies for the migration.<br />
<br />
He also
worked to recruit individuals with special skills the new colony would
require, including pastors to see to the colony's spiritual needs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It was unclear to Winthrop when his wife would come over; she was
pregnant and due to give birth in April 1630, near the fleet's departure
time.<br />
<br />
They consequently decided that she would not come over until a
later time; it would not be until 1631 that the couple was reunited in
the New World.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><br />
<br />
To maintain some connection with his wife during their separation, the
couple agreed to think of each other between the hours of 5 and 6 in the
evening each Monday and Friday.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop also worked to convince his grown children to join the
migration; John, Jr. and Henry both decided to do so, but only Henry
sailed in the 1630 fleet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By April 1630 Winthrop had put most of his affairs in order. Groton
Manor had not yet been sold, because of a long-running title dispute.<br />
<br />
The legal dispute was only resolved after his departure, and the
property's sale was finalized by Margaret before she and John Jr. left
for the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Coat_of_Arms">Coat of Arms</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Winthrop_%281587-1649%29.gif"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="306" data-file-width="253" height="266" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Winthrop_%281587-1649%29.gif/220px-The_Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Winthrop_%281587-1649%29.gif" width="220" /></a>
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The coat of arms of John Winthrop</div>
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John Winthrop used a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> that was reportedly confirmed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>, London, to his paternal uncle in 1592.<br />
<br />
It was also used by his sons.<br />
<br />
These arms appear on his tombstone in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Chapel_Burying_Ground" title="King's Chapel Burying Ground">King's Chapel Burying Ground</a>.<br />
<br />
It is also as the coat of arms for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_House" title="Winthrop House">Winthrop House</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and are displayed on the still intact 1675 house of his youngest son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deane_Winthrop" title="Deane Winthrop">Deane Winthrop</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deane_Winthrop_House" title="Deane Winthrop House">Deane Winthrop House</a>.<br />
<br />
The heraldic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a> of arms is: <i>Argent three chevronels Gules overall a lion rampant Sable.</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Massachusetts_Bay_Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Arrival">Arrival</span></h3>
On 8 April 1630, four ships left the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, carrying Winthrop and other leaders of the colony.<br />
<br />
<br />
Winthrop sailed on the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella">Arbella</a></i>, accompanied by his two young sons, Samuel and Stephen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-_57-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note--57">[57]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The ships were part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Fleet" title="Winthrop Fleet">a larger fleet</a>, totalling 11 ships, that would carry about 700 migrants to the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop's son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Winthrop" title="Henry Winthrop">Henry Winthrop</a> missed the <i>Arbella</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'s</span> sailing, and ended up on the <i>Talbot</i>, which also sailed from Wight.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mayo5961_20-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mayo5961-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ProcMHS2_21-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-ProcMHS2-21">[21]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop wrote a sermon entitled <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Modell_of_Christian_Charity" title="A Modell of Christian Charity">A Modell of Christian Charity</a></i>, which was delivered either before or during the crossing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B175_59-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B175-59">[59]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It described the ideas and plans to keep the Puritan society strong in
faith as well as comparing the struggles that they would have to
overcome in the New World to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exodus_narrative_in_Antebellum_America" title="Exodus narrative in Antebellum America">story of Exodus</a>.<br />
<br />
In it he used the now famous phrase "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_upon_a_Hill" title="City upon a Hill">City upon a Hill</a>" to describe the ideals to which the colonists should strive, and that consequently "the eyes of all people are upon us."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop also said, "in all times some must be rich some poore, some
highe and eminent in power and dignitie; others meane and in
subjection", and in short meant that there were those who were rich and
successful and others who were poor and subservient to others.<br />
<br />
But
Winthrop also said that although these two groups were different both
were equally important to the colony because both groups were members to
the same community.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthrop.2C_John_9-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthrop.2C_John-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WinthropLanding.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="401" data-file-width="656" height="134" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WinthropLanding.jpg/220px-WinthropLanding.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
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</div>
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Engraving showing Winthrop's arrival at Salem</div>
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</div>
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</div>
Upon the fleet's arrival at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a> in June, the new colonists were welcomed by John Endecott.<br />
<br />
Winthrop and his deputy, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a>,
found the Salem area inadequate for creating a settlement suitable for
all of the arriving colonists, and embarked on surveying expeditions of
the area.<br />
<br />
They first decided to base the colony at <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a>, but a lack of good water there prompted them to instead move to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawmut_Peninsula" title="Shawmut Peninsula">Shawmut Peninsula</a>, where they founded what is now the city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Because the season was relatively late, the colonists decided to
establish dispersed settlements along the coast and the banks of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>
in order to avoid presenting a single point that hostile forces might
attack.<br />
<br />
The colony struggled with disease in its early months, losing as
many as 200 people, including Winthrop's son Henry, in 1630, to a
variety of causes and about 80 others who returned to England in the
spring due to these conditions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthrop.2C_John_9-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthrop.2C_John-9">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B103_33-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B103-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop set an example to the other colonists in joining servants and
laborers in the work of the colony.<br />
<br />
According to one report, he "fell to
work with his own hands, and thereby so encouraged the rest that there
was not an idle person to be found in the whole plantation."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop built his house in Boston, where he also had a relatively spacious plot of arable land.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 1631 he was granted a larger parcel of land on the banks of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a> that he called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Hills,_Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Ten Hills, Somerville, Massachusetts">Ten Hills Farm</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><br />
<br />
On the other side of the Mystic was the shipyard owned in absentia by
Matthew Cradock, where one of the colony's first boats, Winthrop's <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessing_of_the_Bay" title="Blessing of the Bay">Blessing of the Bay</a></i>, was built.<br />
<br />
Winthrop operated her as a trading and packet ship up and down the coast of New England.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The issue of where to locate the colony's capital caused the first in
a series of rifts between Winthrop and Dudley.<br />
<br />
Dudley had constructed
his home at Newtown (present-day <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>)
after the council had agreed the capital would be established there.<br />
<br />
However, Winthrop decided instead to build his home in Boston when asked
by its residents to stay there.<br />
<br />
This upset Dudley, and their
relationship worsened when Winthrop criticized Dudley for what he
perceived as excessive decorative woodwork in his house.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><br />
<br />
However, they seemed to reconcile after their children were married.<br />
<br />
Winthrop recounts the two of them, each having been granted land near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>,
going to stake their claims.<br />
<br />
At the boundary between their lands, a
pair of boulders were named the Two Brothers "in remembrance that they
were brothers by their children's marriage".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Dudley's lands became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford</a>, and Winthrop's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billerica,_Massachusetts" title="Billerica, Massachusetts">Billerica</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Colonial_governance">Colonial governance</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnWinthrop_1873_OurYoungFolks.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="336" data-file-width="217" height="263" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/JohnWinthrop_1873_OurYoungFolks.png/170px-JohnWinthrop_1873_OurYoungFolks.png" width="170" /></a>
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</div>
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Engraving depicting Winthrop being carried across the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
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The colony's charter called for a governor, deputy governor, and 18
assistant magistrates (who served as a precursor to the idea of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%27s_Council" title="Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a>), who were all to be elected annually by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_%28Colonial%29" title="Freeman (Colonial)">freemen</a> of the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The first meeting of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">General Court</a>
consisted of exactly eight men. They decided that the governor and
deputy should be elected by the assistants, in violation of the charter;
under these rules Winthrop was elected governor three times.<br />
<br />
The
general court admitted a significant number of settlers, but also
established a rule requiring all freemen to be local church members.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 1633 and 1634, following the appointment of the strongly anti-Puritan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, the colony saw a large influx of immigrants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup><br />
<br />
When the 1634 election was set to take place, delegations of freemen
sent by the towns insisted on seeing the charter, from which they
learned that the colony's lawmaking authority and that the election of
governor and deputy rested with the freemen, not the assistants.<br />
<br />
Winthrop acceded on the point of the elections, which were thereafter
conducted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>
by the freemen, but he also observed that lawmaking would be unwieldy
if conducted by the now relatively large number of freemen.<br />
<br />
A compromise
was reached in which each town would select two delegates to send to
the general court as representatives of its interests.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In an ironic twist, Thomas Dudley, an opponent of popular election, won the 1634 election for governor, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Roger Ludlow</a> as deputy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop, as he had after previous elections, graciously invited his fellow magistrates to dinner.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In the late 1630s the seeming arbitrariness of judicial decisions led
to calls for the creation of a body of laws that would bind the
opinions of magistrates.<br />
<br />
Winthrop opposed these moves, and used his
power to repeatedly stall and obstruct efforts to enact them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B305_75-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B305-75">[75]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His opposition was rooted in a strong belief in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>
tradition and the desire, as a magistrate, to have flexibility in
deciding cases on their unique circumstances.<br />
<br />
He also pointed out that
adoption of written laws "repugnant to the laws of England" was not
allowed in the charter, and that some of the laws to be adopted likely
opposed English law.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B306_76-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B306-76">[76]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Body_of_Liberties" title="Massachusetts Body of Liberties">Massachusetts Body of Liberties</a> was formally adopted during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a>'s governorship in 1641.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B305_75-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B305-75">[75]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Some of the laws enacted in Massachusetts were cited as reasons for vacating the colonial charter in 1684.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In the 1640s constitutional issues concerning the power of the
magistrates and assistants arose. In a case involving an escaped pig,
the assistants ruled in favor of a merchant who had allegedly taken a
widow's errant animal.<br />
<br />
She appealed to the general court, which ruled in
her favor. The assistants then asserted their right to veto the general
court's decision, sparking the controversy.<br />
<br />
Winthrop argued that the
assistants, as experienced magistrates, must be able to check the
democratic institution of the general court, because "a democracy is,
amongst most civil nations, accounted the meanest and worst of all forms
of government."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mor92_2-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mor92-2">[2]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop became the focus of allegations about the arbitrary rule of
the magistrates in 1645, when he was formally charged with interfering
with local decisions in a case involving the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a> militia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The case centered around the disputed appointment of a new commander,
and a panel of magistrates headed by Winthrop had had several parties on
both sides of the dispute imprisoned pending a meeting of the court of
assistants.<br />
<br />
Peter Hobart, the minister in Hingham and one of several
Hobarts on one side of the dispute, vociferously questioned the
authority of the magistrates and railed against Winthrop specifically
for what he characterized as arbitrary and tyrannical actions.<br />
<br />
Winthrop
defused the matter by stepping down from the bench to appear before it
as a defendant.<br />
<br />
Winthrop successfully defended himself, pointing out
that not only had he not acted alone, but that judges are not usually
criminally culpable for errors they make on the bench, and that the
dispute in Hingham was serious enough that it required the intervention
of the magistrates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop was acquitted and the complainants were fined.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup><br />
<br />
One major issue that Winthrop was involved in occurred in 1647, when a
petition was submitted to the general court concerning the limitation
of voting rights to freemen who had been formally admitted to a local
church.<br />
<br />
Winthrop and the other magistrates rejected the appeal that
"civil liberty and freedom be forthwith granted to all truly English",
and even fined and imprisoned the principal signers of the petition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><br />
<br />
William Vassal and Robert Child, two of the signatories, pursued
complaints against the Massachusetts government in England over this and
other issues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Religious_controversies">Religious controversies</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote" role="note">
Further information: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></div>
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<br />
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Depiction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a>'s trial, c. 1901</div>
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In 1634 and 1635 Winthrop served as an assistant, while the influx of migrants brought first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Haynes_%28governor%29" title="John Haynes (governor)">John Haynes</a> and then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane</a> to the governorship.<br />
<br />
These two men, along with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a> and pastors <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hooker" title="Thomas Hooker">Thomas Hooker</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wheelwright" title="John Wheelwright">John Wheelwright</a>, espoused religious or political views that were at odds with those of the earlier arrivals, including Winthrop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Hutchinson and Wheelwright subscribed to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">Antinomian</a> view that following religious laws was not required for salvation, while Winthrop and others believed in a more <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_%28theology%29" title="Legalism (theology)">Legalist</a> view.<br />
<br />
This religious rift, commonly called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinomian_Controversy" title="Antinomian Controversy">Antinomian Controversy</a>, significantly divided the colony, and Winthrop saw the other side's beliefs as a particularly unpleasant and dangerous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By December 1636 the dispute reached into colonial politics, and
Winthrop, in a bid to bridge the divide between the two factions, penned
an account of his religious awakening and theological position papers
designed to facilitate a harmonization of the opposing views.<br />
<br />
How widely
these documents circulated is not known (and not all of them have
survived), but the Legalist pastor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Shepard_%28minister%29" title="Thomas Shepard (minister)">Thomas Shepard</a> reacted in a way that biographer Francis Bremer describes as "horrified", and containing "a color of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a>, which I believe your [Winthrop's] soul abhors."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In the 1637 election, Vane was turned out of all offices, and Dudley was elected governor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His election did not immediately quell the controversy.<br />
<br />
First John
Wheelwright and later Anne Hutchinson were put on trial, and both were
banished from the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B293_87-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B293-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
(Hutchinson founded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth,_Rhode_Island" title="Portsmouth, Rhode Island">Portsmouth, Rhode Island</a> and Wheelwright founded first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a> and then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells,_Maine" title="Wells, Maine">Wells, Maine</a> in order to be free of Massachusetts rule.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-88"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop was active in arguing against their supporters, but Shepard
criticized him for being too moderate, claiming Winthrop should "make
their wickedness and guile manifest to all men that they may go no
farther and then will sink of themselves."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B293_87-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B293-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Hooker and Haynes had left Massachusetts in 1636 and 1637 for new settlements on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a> (the nucleus of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a>),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup>
and Vane left for England after the 1637 election, suggesting he might
seek to acquire a commission as a governor general to overturn the
colonial government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup><br />
<br />
(Vane never returned to the colony, and became an important figure in Parliament before and during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil Wars</a>; he was beheaded after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_%28England%29" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration</a>.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In the aftermath of the 1637 election, the general court passed new
rules on residency in the colony, forbidding anyone from housing
newcomers for more than 3 weeks without approval from the magistrates.<br />
<br />
Winthrop vigorously defended this rule against protests, arguing that
Massachusetts was within its rights to "refuse to receive such whose
dispositions suit not with ours".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B294_93-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B294-93">[93]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Ironically, some of those who protested the policy had been in favor of the banishment in 1635 of Roger Williams.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B294_93-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B294-93">[93]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop, who was then out of office, actually had a good relationship
with the controversial Baptist.<br />
<br />
When the magistrates ordered Williams'
arrest, Winthrop warned him, making possible his flight that resulted in
the establishment of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop and Williams also later had an epistolary relationship in which they discussed their religious differences.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Indian_policy">Indian policy</span></h3>
Winthrop's
attitudes toward the local Native American populations was generally
one of civility and diplomacy.<br />
<br />
He described an early meeting with one
local chief: "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickatabot" title="Chickatabot">Chickatabot</a>
came with his [chiefs] and squaws, and presented the governor with a
hogshead of Indian corn.<br />
<br />
After they had all dined, and had each a small
cup of sack and beer, and the men tobacco, he sent away all his men and
women (though the governor would have stayed them in regard of the rain
and thunder.)<br />
<br />
Himself and one squaw and one [chief] stayed all night;
and being in English clothes, the governor set him at his own table,
where he behaved himself as soberly ... as an Englishman. The next day
after dinner he returned home, the governor giving him cheese, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">pease</a>, and a mug, and other small things."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Although the colonists generally sought to acquire title to the lands they occupied in the early years,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> they also practiced a policy that historian Alfred Cave calls <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_domicilium" title="Vacuum domicilium">vacuum domicilium</a></i>:
if land is not under some sort of active use, it is free for the
taking.<br />
<br />
This meant that lands that were only used seasonally by the
natives (e.g. for fishing or hunting), which otherwise appeared to be
empty, could be claimed. Winthrop claimed that the rights of "more
advanced" peoples superseded the rights of the hunter-gatherers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup><br />
<br />
However, cultural differences and trade issues between the colonists
and the natives meant that clashes were inevitable, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a>
was the first major conflict the colony engaged in.<br />
<br />
Winthrop sat on the
council that decided to send an expedition under John Endecott to raid
native villages on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a> in the war's first major action,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> but his communication with Williams encouraged the latter to convince the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett_tribe" title="Narragansett tribe">Narragansetts</a> to side with the English against the Pequots, their traditional enemies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-100"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The war ended in 1637 with the destruction of the Pequots as a tribe,
whose survivors were scattered into other tribes, or shipped to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Slavery_and_the_slave_trade">Slavery and the slave trade</span></h3>
Slavery,
according to Puritan thought, was condoned in the Old Testament, and
therefore was not considered sinful towards God.<br />
<br />
The institution already
existed in the Massachusetts Bay area prior to John Winthrop's arrival,
since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Maverick_%28colonist%29" title="Samuel Maverick (colonist)">Samuel Maverick</a>
arrived in the area with slaves in 1624, and Winthrop supported the
practice.<br />
<br />
This is most clearly evident in the aftermath of the Pequot
War, in which many of the captured Pequots were enslaved.<br />
<br />
The
Massachusetts council, headed by Winthrop, approved this action.<br />
<br />
Male
warriors, deemed dangerous to the colony, were shipped to the West
Indies, while females and children were divided among the colonists.<br />
<br />
Winthrop recorded that the exported male Pequots were traded for "salt,
cotton, tobacco, and Negroes", and the practice of exporting captured
Indians to exchange for goods and African slaves became a routine
practice.<br />
<br />
Winthrop was known to keep three Pequot slaves, a male and two
females.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 1641, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Body_of_Liberties" title="Massachusetts Body of Liberties">Massachusetts Body of Liberties</a>
was enacted, codifying (among many other things) rules about slavery.<br />
<br />
Winthrop was a member of the committee that drafted the code, but his
role in drafting the slavery language is not known because records of
the committee have not survived.<br />
<br />
Winthrop was generally opposed to the
Body of Liberties because he favored a common law approach to
legislation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-103"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Trade_and_diplomacy">Trade and diplomacy</span></h3>
Rising tensions in England (that culminated in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">civil war</a>)
led to a significant reduction in the number of people and provisions
arriving in the colonies, something noted by Winthrop in 1643.<br />
<br />
The
colonists consequently began to expand trade, interacting with other
colonies, non-English as well as English. These led to trading ventures
with other Puritans on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, a source of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, and with the neighboring French colony of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-104"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup><br />
<br />
French Acadia, covering the eastern half of present-day Maine, as well as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, was at the time embroiled in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">a minor civil war</a> between competing administrators.<br />
<br />
After English colonists began trading with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Saint-%C3%89tienne_de_la_Tour" title="Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour">Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour</a> in 1642, his opponent, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Menou_d%27Aulnay" title="Charles de Menou d'Aulnay">Charles de Menou d'Aulnay</a>,
warned Boston traders away from la Tour's territories.<br />
<br />
In June 1643 la
Tour came to Boston and requested military assistance against assaults
by d'Aulnay.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop, then governor, refused official assistance, but allowed la Tour to recruit volunteers from the colony for service.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B344_106-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B344-106">[106]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This decision brought on a storm of criticism, principally from the magistrates of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex County</a>, which was geographically closest to the ongoing dispute.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup><br />
<br />
John Endecott was particularly critical, noting that Winthrop had given the French a chance to see the colonial defenses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B344_106-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B344-106">[106]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The 1644 election became a referendum on Winthrop's policy, and he was turned out of office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The Acadian dispute was eventually resolved with d'Aulnay as the
victor. In 1646, with Winthrop again in the governor's seat, d'Aulnay
appeared in Boston and demanded reparations for damage done by the
English volunteers.<br />
<br />
Winthrop placated the French governor with the gift
of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_chair" title="Sedan chair">sedan chair</a>, originally given to him by an English privateer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-109"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Property_and_family">Property and family</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortWinthrop.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="315" data-file-width="647" height="107" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/FortWinthrop.png/220px-FortWinthrop.png" width="220" /></a>
<br />
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The 19th century <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Winthrop" title="Fort Winthrop">Fort Winthrop</a>, constructed on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_Island_%28Massachusetts%29" title="Governors Island (Massachusetts)">Governors Island</a>, formerly owned by Winthrop</div>
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</div>
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In addition to his responsibilities in the colonial government,
Winthrop was a significant property owner.<br />
<br />
He owned the Ten Hills Farm,
as well as land that would become the town of Billerica, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_Island_%28Massachusetts%29" title="Governors Island (Massachusetts)">Governors Island</a> (now the site of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan International Airport</a>) in Boston Harbor, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudence_Island" title="Prudence Island">Prudence Island</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He also engaged in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> in partnership with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pynchon" title="William Pynchon">William Pynchon</a>, using the <i>Blessing of the Bay</i> to further that business.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B252_3_111-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B252_3-111">[111]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Governors Island was named for him, and remained in the Winthrop family
until 1808, when it was purchased for the construction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Winthrop" title="Fort Winthrop">Fort Winthrop</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The farm at Ten Hills suffered from poor oversight on Winthrop's part
— the steward of the farm made questionable financial deals that in the
early 1640s caused Winthrop to have a cash crisis.<br />
<br />
The colony insisted
on paying him his salary (something he had regularly refused to accept
in the past), as well as his out-of-pocket expenses while engaged in
official duties.<br />
<br />
Private subscriptions to support him raised about £500
and the colony also granted his wife 3,000 acres (12 km<sup>2</sup>) of land.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His wife Margaret arrived on the second voyage of the <i>Lyon</i> in
1631, but their baby daughter, Anne, died during the crossing. Two more
children were born to the Winthrops in New England before Margaret died
on 14 June 1647.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-115"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Sometime after 20 December 1647 and before the birth of their only
child in 1648, Winthrop married his fourth wife, Martha Rainsborough.<br />
<br />
She was the widow of Thomas Coytmore, and sister of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Rainsborough" title="Thomas Rainsborough">Thomas</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rainborowe" title="William Rainborowe">William Rainborowe</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-116">[116]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop died of natural causes on 26 March 1649, and is buried in what is now called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Chapel_Burying_Ground" title="King's Chapel Burying Ground">King's Chapel Burying Ground</a> in Boston.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-117"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup> He was survived by his wife Martha and five sons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-118"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Writings_and_legacy">Writings and legacy</span></h2>
Though
rarely published and relatively unappreciated for his literary
contribution during his time, Winthrop spent his life continually
producing written accounts of historical events and religious
manifestations.<br />
<br />
Winthrop's major contributions to the literary world
were <i>A Modell of Christian Charity</i> (1630) and <i>The History of New England</i> (1630–1649; also known as <i>The Journal of John Winthrop</i>), which remained unpublished until the late 18th century.<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="A_Model_of_Christian_Charity"><i>A Model of Christian Charity</i></span></h3>
<div class="hatnote" role="note">
Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_of_Christian_Charity" title="Model of Christian Charity">Model of Christian Charity</a></div>
John Winthrop wrote and delivered the lay sermon that would be called <i>A Modell of Christian Charity</i> either before the 1630 crossing to North America or while en route.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B174_119-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B174-119">[119]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It described the ideas and plans to keep the Puritan society strong in
faith as well as the struggles that they would have to overcome in the
New World.<br />
<br />
He used the phrase "city upon a hill" (derived from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>:
"You are the light of the world.<br />
<br />
A city that is set on a hill cannot be
hidden") to characterize the colonists' endeavour as part of a special
pact with God to create a holy community.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-120"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He encouraged the colonists to "bear one another's burdens", and to
view themselves as a "Company of Christ, bound together by Love."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dunn11_121-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Dunn11-121">[121]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He told the colonists to be stricter in their religious conformance
than even the Church of England, and to view as their objective the
establishment of a model state.<br />
<br />
If they did so, God would "make us a
prayse and glory, that man shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord
make it like that of New England."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dunn11_121-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Dunn11-121">[121]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop's sermon is often characterized as a forerunner to the concept of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Recent research has shown, however, that the speech was not given much
attention at the time of its delivery, unlike the farewell sermon of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cotton_%28minister%29" title="John Cotton (minister)">John Cotton</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-B174_119-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-B174-119">[119]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Furthermore, Winthrop did not introduce any significant new concepts,
but merely repeated what were widely held Puritan beliefs.<br />
<br />
The work was
not published until the nineteenth century, although it was known, and
circulated in manuscript before that time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JW151_123-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-JW151-123">[123]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="The_History_of_New_England"><i>The History of New England</i></span></h3>
Starting
with the voyage across the Atlantic and continuing through Winthrop's
time in Massachusetts, he kept a journal of his life and experiences.<br />
<br />
Originally written in three notebooks, his account has been acknowledged
as the "central source for the history of Massachusetts in the 1630s
and 1640s".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthropxi_124-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthropxi-124">[124]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The first two notebooks were published in 1790 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Webster" title="Noah Webster">Noah Webster</a>.<br />
<br />
The third notebook, long thought lost, was rediscovered in 1816, and
the complete journals were published in 1825 and 1826 by James Savage as
<i>The History of New England from 1630–1649. By John Winthrop, Esq.
First Governor of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. From his Original
Manuscripts</i>.<br />
<br />
The second notebook was destroyed in a fire at Savage's office in 1825; the other two volumes now belong to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-125"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup><br />
<br />
A modern preparation combining new analysis of the surviving volumes
and Savage's transcription of the second notebook was prepared in 1996
by Richard Dunn and Laetitia Yeandle.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-126"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The journal began as a nearly day-to-day recounting of the ocean
crossing. As time progressed he made entries less frequently, and wrote
them up at a greater length, so that by the 1640s the work began to take
the shape of a history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-127"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop wrote primarily of his private accounts: his journey from
England, the arrival of his wife and children to the colony in 1631, and
the birth of his son in 1632.<br />
<br />
He also wrote profound insights into the
nature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and nearly all important events
of the day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-128"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The majority of his early journal entries were not intended to be
literary, but merely observations of early New England life. Gradually,
the focus of his writings shifted from his personal observations to
broader spiritual ideologies and behind-the-scenes views of political
matters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Other_works">Other works</span></h3>
Winthrop's earliest publication was likely <i>The Humble Request of His Majesties Loyal Subjects</i>
(London, 1630), which defended the emigrants' physical separation from
England and reaffirmed their loyalty to the Crown and Church of England.
This work was republished by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Scottow" title="Joshua Scottow">Joshua Scottow</a> in the 1696 compilation <i>MASSACHUSETTS:
or The first Planters of New-England, The End and Manner of their
coming thither, and Abode there: In several EPISTLES</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-130"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In addition to his more famous works, Winthrop produced a number of
writings, both published and unpublished.<br />
<br />
While living in England,
Winthrop articulated his belief "in the validity of experience" in a
private religious journal, known as his <i>Experiencia</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bremer1984_131-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Bremer1984-131">[131]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This journal, in which he wrote intermittently between 1607 and 1637,
was a sort of confessional, very different in tone and style to the <i>Journal</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Later in his life, Winthrop wrote <i>A
Short Story of the rise, reign, and ruine of the Antinomians, Familists
and Libertines, that Infected the Churches of New England</i>, which
described the Antinomian controversy surrounding Anne Hutchinson in 1636
and 1637.<br />
<br />
The work was first published in London in 1644.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-133"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At the time of its publication there was much discussion about the nature of church governance, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Assembly_of_Divines" title="Westminster Assembly of Divines">Westminster Assembly of Divines</a>
had recently begun to meet.<br />
<br />
The evidence it presented was seen by
supporters of Congregationalism as evidence of its worth, and by English
opponents as evidence of its failings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-134"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In some of its editions it was adapted by opponents of Henry Vane, who had become a leading <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_%28religion%29" title="Independent (religion)">Independent</a>
political leader in the discussion.<br />
<br />
Vane's opponents sought to "tie
Toleration round the neck of Independency, stuff the two struggling
monsters into one sack, and sink them to the bottom of the sea."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-135"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup><br />
<br />
According to biographer Francis Bremer, Winthrop's writings echoed those of other Puritans: "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_%28Plymouth_governor%29" title="William Bradford (Plymouth governor)">William Bradford</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a></i> (unpublished until 1856), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Johnson_%28founder_of_Woburn,_MA%29" title="Edward Johnson (founder of Woburn, MA)">Edward Johnson</a>'s <i>Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England</i> (1654), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_Mather" title="Cotton Mather">Cotton Mather</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnalia_Christi_Americana" title="Magnalia Christi Americana">Magnalia Christi Americana</a></i> (1702), and Winthrop's <i>Journal</i>
were efforts both to discern the divine pattern in events and to
justify the role New Englanders believed themselves called to play."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bremer1984_131-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Bremer1984-131">[131]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Winthrop_Tomb_Boston.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1728" data-file-width="2304" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_Winthrop_Tomb_Boston.jpg/220px-John_Winthrop_Tomb_Boston.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Winthrop's tomb in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Chapel_Burying_Ground" title="King's Chapel Burying Ground">King's Chapel Burying Ground</a><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
Winthrop's reference to the "city upon a hill" in <i>A Modell of Christian Charity</i> has become an enduring symbol in American political discourse.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bxv_136-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Bxv-136">[136]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Many leading American politicians, going back to revolutionary times,
have cited Winthrop in their writings or speeches.<br />
<br />
Winthrop's reputation
suffered in the late 19th and early 20th century, when critics like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a>
pointed out the negative aspects of Puritan rule, leading to modern
assessments of him as a "lost Founding Father".<br />
<br />
Political scientist
Matthew Holland argues that Winthrop "is at once a significant founding
father of America's best and worst impulses", with his calls for charity
and public participation offset by rigid intolerance, exclusionism and
judgmentalism.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-137"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup><br />
<br />
But at heart he did truly want to be a good leader and once gave a
speech to the General Court in July 1645 that there were two kinds of
liberty: natural, liberty to do as one wished, "evil as well as good," a
liberty he believed should be restrained, and civil, liberty to do
good.<br />
<br />
Winthrop strongly believed that civil liberty was "the proper end
and object of authority", meaning it was the duty of the government to
be selfless for the people and promote justice instead of promoting the
general welfare.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-138"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-138">[138]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop supports this point of view from his past actions such as when
he passed laws requiring the heads of households to make sure their
children and even their servants to receive proper education and for
town to support teachers from public funds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthrop.2C_John_9-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthrop.2C_John-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrops actions were all for the unity of the colony because he
believed that nothing was more crucial of a colony than working as a
single unit that wouldn't be split by any force, such as with the case
of Anne Hutchinson.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winthrop.2C_John_9-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Winthrop.2C_John-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was a leader respected by many, and even Richard Dummer, a principal
Hutchinsonian disarmed for his activities, admired Winthrop and gave
100 pounds to him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-139"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-139">[139]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Despite the criticism, modern politicians as diverse as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, have all made reference to Winthrop's writings in their speeches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bxv_136-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Bxv-136">[136]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-140"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-140">[140]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Ronald Reagan described Winthrop as "an early 'Freedom Man'" who came to America "looking for a home that would be free."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mos7_141-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mos7-141">[141]</a></sup><br />
<br />
However, those like Reagan who praise Winthrop fail to note his strident anti-democratic political tendencies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mos7_141-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-Mos7-141">[141]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Winthrop is a major character in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine_Maria_Sedgwick" title="Catharine Maria Sedgwick">Catharine Maria Sedgwick</a>'s 1827 novel <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Leslie" title="Hope Leslie">Hope Leslie</a></i>, set in colonial Massachusetts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-142"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-142">[142]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He also makes a brief appearance in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i> in the chapter entitled "The Minister's Vigil."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-143"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-143">[143]</a></sup><br />
<br />
John Winthrop's descendants number thousands today. In addition to his son John, who was the first governor of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook Colony</a>,
later generations of his family continued to play an active role in New
England politics well into the 19th century.<br />
<br />
Twentieth century
descendants include former Massachusetts Senator and current Secretary
of State, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and educator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-144">[144]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The towns of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop, Massachusetts</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop,_Maine" title="Winthrop, Maine">Winthrop, Maine</a> are named in his honor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-145"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-145">[145]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-146"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-146">[146]</a></sup> <br />
<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_House" title="Winthrop House">Winthrop House</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, along with Winthrop Hall at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin College</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-147">[147]</a></sup> is named in honor of him and of his descendant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop_%28educator%29" title="John Winthrop (educator)">John Winthrop</a>, who briefly served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">President of Harvard</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-148">[148]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He is also the namesake of three squares in Boston, Cambridge, and Brookline,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Building" title="Winthrop Building">Winthrop Building</a> on Water Street in Boston, one of the city's first skyscrapers, was built on the site of one of his homes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-149"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop#cite_note-149">[149]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-149">Source: Wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop</sup></h4>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Somebody Come and Play in Traffic with Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</span><br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">
</span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">The Man Inside the Man</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">from</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Sinbad the Sailor Man</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-52753244584372615342016-10-02T00:12:00.000-07:002016-10-02T00:12:27.547-07:00"Why are you Marching Son" ~"Spoken" by John Wayne<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/m701kfdjtaU" width="459"></iframe></div>
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<b>Marion Mitchell Morrison</b> (born <b>Marion Robert Morrison</b>; May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), better known by his stage name <b>John Wayne</b> and the nickname <b>Duke</b>, was an American actor, director, and producer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
An <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winner for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Grit_%281969_film%29" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a></i> (1969), Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-numbers_2-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-numbers-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, Wayne grew up in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>.<br />
He found work at local film studios when he lost his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (USC) as a result of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodysurfing" title="Bodysurfing">bodysurfing</a> accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:63–64</sup><br />
<br />
Initially working for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" title="20th Century Fox">Fox Film Corporation</a>, he mostly appeared in small bit parts. His first leading role came in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a>'s lavish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">widescreen</a> epic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a></i> (1930), which led to leading roles in numerous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movies</a> throughout the 1930s, many of them in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_%28genre%29" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> genre.<br />
<br />
Wayne's career took off in 1939, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach_%281939_film%29" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i>
making him an instant mainstream star. Wayne went on to star in 142
pictures.<br />
<br />
Biographer Ronald Davis says: "John Wayne personified for
millions the nation's frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were
Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen, and unconquerable
loners extracted from the Republic's central creation myth."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's other well-known Western roles include a cattleman driving his herd north on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_%281948_film%29" title="Red River (1948 film)">Red River</a></i> (1948), a Civil War veteran whose young niece is abducted by a tribe of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Searchers_%28film%29" title="The Searchers (film)">The Searchers</a></i> (1956), and a troubled rancher competing with an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a> lawyer for a woman's hand in marriage in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a></i> (1962).<br />
<br />
He is also remembered for his roles in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Bravo_%28film%29" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a></i> (1959), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Longest_Day_%28film%29" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a></i> (1962).<br />
<br />
In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a></i>
(1976).<br />
<br />
He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, and
his last public appearance was at the Academy Awards ceremony on
April 9, 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><span class="fn"></span>
<br />
<br />
<table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span class="fn">John Wayne</span></th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" title="Publicity photo of John Wayne"><img alt="Publicity photo of John Wayne" data-file-height="1600" data-file-width="1282" height="275" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div>
Wayne in 1952</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td><span class="nickname">Marion Robert Morrison</span><br />
May 26, 1907<br />
<span class="birthplace"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, U.S.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>June 11, 1979 (aged 72)<br />
<span class="deathplace"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Resting place</th>
<td class="label">Pacific View Memorial Park<br />
<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="wmamapbutton noprint" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;" title="Show location on an interactive map" /><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=John_Wayne&params=33.60953_N_-117.85336_E_type:landmark" style="white-space: normal;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.60953°N 117.85336°W</span></span></a></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Other names</th>
<td class="nickname">
<div class="plainlist">
<ul>
<li>Marion Mitchell Morrison</li>
<li>Marion Michael Morrison</li>
<li>Duke</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Occupation</th>
<td class="role">Actor, director, producer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Years active</th>
<td>1926–1976</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Political party</th>
<td class="org"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Religion</th>
<td class="category"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a><br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> (shortly before death)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th>
<td>
<div class="plainlist">
<ul>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Alicia_Saenz" title="Josephine Alicia Saenz">Josephine Alicia Saenz</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1933; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1945)</span></span></li>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1946; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1954)</span></span></li>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; his death 1979)</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Children</th>
<td>7 (including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">Ethan</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Website</th>
<td><span class="url"><a class="external text" href="http://www.johnwayne.com/" rel="nofollow">www<wbr></wbr>.johnwayne<wbr></wbr>.com</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Signature</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_signature.svg" title="John Wayne's signature"><img alt="John Wayne's signature" data-file-height="204" data-file-width="585" height="52" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/John_Wayne_signature.svg/150px-John_Wayne_signature.svg.png" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907 at 224 South Second Street in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The local paper, <i>Winterset Madisonian</i>,
reported on page 4 of the May 30, 1907 edition that Wayne weighed 13
pounds at birth.<br />
<br />
His middle name was soon changed from Robert to
Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:8–9</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937), was the son of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915).<br />
<br />
Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Nebraska" title="Lancaster County, Nebraska">Lancaster County, Nebraska</a>.<br />
<br />
Wayne's ancestry included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scots-Irish</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> He was brought up as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's family moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmdale,_California" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale, California</a>, and then in 1916 to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>,
where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station
on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke"
because he never went anywhere without his huge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airedale_Terrier" title="Airedale Terrier">Airedale Terrier</a>, Duke.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:37</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Munn_16-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Munn-16">[16]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck.<br />
<br />
Wayne attended
Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice cream
shop for a man who <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe" title="Horseshoe">shod</a> horses for Hollywood studios.<br />
<br />
He was also active as a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_DeMolay" title="Order of DeMolay">Order of DeMolay</a>, a youth organization of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasons" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>.<br />
<br />
He played football for the 1924 league champion <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale_High_School_%28Glendale,_California%29" title="Glendale High School (Glendale, California)">Glendale High School</a> team.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-glendale_17-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-glendale-17">[17]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne applied to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" title="U.S. Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a>, but he was not accepted.<br />
<br />
He instead attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (USC), majoring in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-law" title="Pre-law">pre-law</a>.<br />
He was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Knights" title="Trojan Knights">Trojan Knights</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a> fraternities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davis_18-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-davis-18">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:30</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne also played on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USC_Trojans_football" title="USC Trojans football">USC football team</a> under coach <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Jones_%28American_football_coach%29" title="Howard Jones (American football coach)">Howard Jones</a>.
A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later
noted he was too terrified of Jones's reaction to reveal the actual
cause of his injury, a bodysurfing accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-travers_19-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-travers-19">[19]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><br />
<br />
As a favor to USC football coach Howard Jones, who had given silent western film star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> tickets to USC games, director John Ford and Mix hired Wayne as a prop boy and extra.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hughes_22-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-hughes-22">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a>, who was good friends with Tom Mix.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hughes_22-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-hughes-22">[22]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne soon moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">bit parts</a>,
establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most
of those roles, John Ford.<br />
<br />
Early in this period, he had a minor,
uncredited role as a guard in the 1926 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardelys_the_Magnificent" title="Bardelys the Magnificent">Bardelys the Magnificent</a></i>.<br />
<br />
Wayne also appeared with his USC teammates playing football in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_of_Harvard_%281926_film%29" title="Brown of Harvard (1926 film)">Brown of Harvard</a></i> (1926), <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dropkick" title="The Dropkick">The Dropkick</a></i> (1927), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute_%281929_film%29" title="Salute (1929 film)">Salute</a></i> (1929) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia's</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_of_Men" title="Maker of Men">Maker of Men</a></i> (filmed in 1930, released in 1931).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-24">[24]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-0"> </sup><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2616" data-file-width="3904" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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The house in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, in which Wayne was born in 1907<br />
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<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career_and_breakthrough">Early career and breakthrough</span></h3>
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John Wayne as "Singin' Sandy" Saunders in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a></i> (1933)</div>
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With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Hunt_%28actress%29" title="Marsha Hunt (actress)">Marsha Hunt</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_the_West" title="Born to the West">Born to the West</a></i> (1937)</div>
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<img alt="File:Angel and the Badman 1947 John Wayne.ogv" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/220px--Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.jpg" style="height: 124px; width: 220px;" /><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div>
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(video) The manner and voice of Wayne (right) showcased in a short clip from the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a></i> (1947)</div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="697" data-file-width="874" height="175" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg/220px-Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Rogers" title="Jean Rogers">Jean Rogers</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_%281936_film%29" title="Conflict (1936 film)">Conflict</a></i> (1936)</div>
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While working for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> in bit roles, Wayne was given on-screen credit as "Duke Morrison" only once, in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_and_Music_%281929_film%29" title="Words and Music (1929 film)">Words and Music</a></i>
(1929).<br />
<br />
In 1930, director Raoul Walsh saw him moving studio furniture
while working as a prop boy and cast him in his first starring role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a></i> (1930).<br />
<br />
For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> general <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Mad%22_Anthony_Wayne" title=""Mad" Anthony Wayne">"Mad" Anthony Wayne</a>.<br />
<br />
Fox Studios chief <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Sheehan" title="Winfield Sheehan">Winfield Sheehan</a>
rejected it as sounding "too Italian". Walsh then suggested "John
Wayne". Sheehan agreed, and the name was set.<br />
<br />
Wayne was not even present
for the discussion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:84</sup> His pay was raised to $105 a week (worth $1,487 today).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
<i>The Big Trail</i> was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle
of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost of over $2 million,
using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_southwest" title="American southwest">American southwest</a>,
still largely unpopulated at the time.<br />
<br />
To take advantage of the
breathtaking scenery, it was filmed in two versions, a standard 35-mm
version and another in the new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70_mm_Grandeur_film" title="70 mm Grandeur film">70 mm Grandeur film</a>
process, using an innovative camera and lenses.<br />
<br />
Many in the audience
who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered. However, only a handful of
theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and
the effort was largely wasted. Despite being highly regarded by modern
critics, the film was considered a huge box office flop at the time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Clooney195_25-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Clooney195-25">[25]</a></sup><br />
<br />
After the commercial failure of <i>The Big Trail</i>, Wayne was relegated to small roles in A-pictures, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>'s '<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Deceiver_%28film%29" title="The Deceiver (film)">The Deceiver</a></i> (1931), in which he played a corpse.<br />
<br />
He appeared in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">serial</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_%281933_serial%29" title="The Three Musketeers (1933 serial)">The Three Musketeers</a></i> (1933), an updated version of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> novel in which the protagonists were soldiers in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> in then-contemporary North Africa.<br />
<br />
He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_Row" title="Poverty Row">Poverty Row</a>" Westerns, mostly at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a> and serials for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot_Pictures_Corporation" title="Mascot Pictures Corporation">Mascot Pictures Corporation</a>.<br />
<br />
By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_opera" title="Horse opera">horse operas</a> from 1930 to 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a></i> (1933), he became one of the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">singing cowboys</a> of film, albeit via dubbing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-peterson1997_27-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-peterson1997-27">[27]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne also appeared in some of the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mesquiteers" title="Three Mesquiteers">Three Mesquiteers</a></i> Westerns, whose title was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">play</a> on the Dumas classic.<br />
<br />
He was mentored by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">stuntmen</a> in riding and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_%28genre%29" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> skills.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-24">[24]</a></sup> Famed stuntman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> and he developed and perfected stunts and onscreen fisticuffs techniques still used today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's breakthrough role came with director John Ford's classic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach_%281939_film%29" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i> (1939).<br />
<br />
Because of Wayne's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-movie" title="B-movie">B-movie</a>
status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s,
Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget
film. After rejection by all the top studios, Ford struck a deal with
independent producer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> in which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Trevor" title="Claire Trevor">Claire Trevor</a>—a much bigger star at the time—received top billing. <i> </i><br />
<br />
<i>Stagecoach</i>
was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a
mainstream star. Cast member Louise Platt credits Ford as saying at the
time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal
as the archetypal "everyman".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Louise_Platt_letter_29-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Louise_Platt_letter-29">[29]</a></sup><br />
<br />
America's entry into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>
resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of
society, and Hollywood was no exception.<br />
<br />
Wayne was exempted from service
due to his age (34 at the time of Pearl Harbor) and family status,
classified as 3-A (family deferment). He repeatedly wrote to John Ford
saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could
get into Ford's military unit, but consistently kept postponing it until
after "he finished just one or two pictures".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:212</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Studios</a> was emphatically resistant to losing him. <br />
<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_J._Yates" title="Herbert J. Yates">Herbert J. Yates</a>, President of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:220</sup> and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:213</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:253</sup> with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USO" title="USO">USO</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military was the most painful part of his life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:212</sup><br />
<br />
His widow later suggested that his patriotism in later decades sprang
from guilt, writing: "He would become a 'superpatriot' for the rest of
his life trying to atone for staying home."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
<br />
U.S. National Archives records indicate that Wayne had, in fact, made an application <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> to serve in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS), that day's equivalent of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>, and had been accepted within the U.S. Army's allotted billet to the OSS.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>,
OSS Commander, wrote Wayne a letter informing him of his acceptance in
to the Field Photographic Unit, but the letter went to his estranged
wife Josephine's home. She never told him about it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Donovan also issued an OSS Certificate of Service to Wayne.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_success">Commercial success</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="234" data-file-width="181" height="234" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg" width="181" /></a>
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<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a></i> (1948)</div>
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Wayne's first color film was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_the_Hills_%28film%29" title="The Shepherd of the Hills (film)">Shepherd of the Hills</a></i> (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Carey_%28actor_born_1878%29" title="Harry Carey (actor born 1878)">Harry Carey</a>.<br />
<br />
The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> epic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reap_the_Wild_Wind" title="Reap the Wild Wind">Reap the Wild Wind</a></i> (1942), in which he co-starred with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a>;
it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable
values.<br />
<br />
He would appear in more than 20 of John Ford's films throughout
the next two decades, including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Wore_a_Yellow_Ribbon" title="She Wore a Yellow Ribbon">She Wore a Yellow Ribbon</a></i> (1949), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Searchers_%28film%29" title="The Searchers (film)">The Searchers</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a></i> (1957), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a></i> (1962) with James Stewart: the first movie in which he called someone "Pilgrim".<br />
<br />
In 1949, director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> offered the starring role of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_%281949_film%29" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a></i> to Wayne. Wayne refused, believing the script to be un-American in many ways.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup> <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a>, who eventually got the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a>.</i><br />
<br />
He lost the leading role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighter" title="The Gunfighter">The Gunfighter</a></i> (1950) to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> due to his refusal to work for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> because its chief, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a>,
had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player.<br />
<br />
Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep,
and Cohn sold the script to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Fox" title="Twentieth Century Fox">Twentieth Century Fox</a>, which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted but for which he refused to bend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="503" data-file-width="611" height="198" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg/240px-John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg" width="240" /></a>
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</div>
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With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Blondell" title="Joan Blondell">Joan Blondell</a> in <i>Lady for a Night</i> (1942)</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
One of Wayne's most popular roles was in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_High_and_the_Mighty_%28film%29" title="The High and the Mighty (film)">The High and the Mighty</a></i> (1954), directed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wellman" title="William Wellman">William Wellman</a>, and based on a novel by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_K._Gann" title="Ernest K. Gann">Ernest K. Gann</a>. His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim.<br />
<br />
Wayne also portrayed aviators in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Tigers_%28film%29" title="Flying Tigers (film)">Flying Tigers</a> (1942),</i> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Leathernecks" title="Flying Leathernecks">Flying Leathernecks</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_in_the_Sky_%281953_film%29" title="Island in the Sky (1953 film)">Island in the Sky</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a></i> (1957), and <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Pilot_%281957_film%29" title="Jet Pilot (1957 film)">Jet Pilot</a></i> (1957).<br />
<br />
<i>The Searchers</i> (1956) continues to be widely regarded as arguably Wayne's finest and most complex performance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
In 2006, <i>Premiere</i>
magazine ran an industry poll in which Wayne's portrayal of Ethan
Edwards was rated the 87th-greatest performance in film history.<br />
<br />
He
named his youngest son Ethan after the character.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Later_career">Later career</span></h3>
John Wayne won a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Grit_%281969_film%29" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a></i> (1969).<br />
<br />
This came 17 years after his only other nomination. Wayne was also nominated as the producer of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alamo_%281960_film%29" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a></i> (1960), one of two films he directed.<br />
<br />
The other was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Berets_%28film%29" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a></i> (1968), the only major film made during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> to support the war.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During the filming of <i>The Green Berets</i>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degar" title="Degar">Degar</a>
or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters
against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in
the film and all subsequent films.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne took on the role of gritty detective <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McQ" title="McQ">McQ</a></i> in the 1974 crime drama.<br />
<br />
His last film was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a></i>
(1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer—the
illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later.<br />
<br />
According to
the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>, Wayne played the lead in 142 of his film appearances.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batjac_Productions" title="Batjac Productions">Batjac</a>, the production company cofounded by Wayne, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a></i> (1948), a film based on the novel by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland_Roark" title="Garland Roark">Garland Roark</a>.<br />
<br />
(A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm
through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars.<br />
<br />
Its
best-known non-Wayne production was <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Men_From_Now" title="Seven Men From Now">Seven Men From Now</a></i> (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd_Boetticher" title="Budd Boetticher">Budd Boetticher</a> and star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a>.<br />
<br />
In the <i>Motion Picture Herald</i> Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He appeared in the similar <i>Box Office</i> poll in 1939 and 1940.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
While these two polls are really an indication only of the popularity
of series stars, Wayne also appeared in the Top Ten Money Makers Poll of
all films from 1949 to 1957 and 1958 to 1974, taking first place in
1950, 1951, 1954, and 1971.<br />
<br />
With a total of 25 years on the list, Wayne
has more appearances than any other star, beating Clint Eastwood (21)
into second place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="360" data-file-width="480" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg/220px-John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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</div>
</div>
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Wayne in <i>The Challenge of Ideas</i> (1961)</div>
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</div>
In later years, Wayne was recognized as a sort of American natural
resource, and his various critics, of his performances and his politics,
viewed him with more respect.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a>,
the radical of the 1960s, paid tribute to Wayne's singularity, saying,
"I like Wayne's wholeness, his style. As for his politics, well—I
suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that
were trying to gobble them up."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Reviewing <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cowboys" title="The Cowboys">The Cowboys</a></i> (1972), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>,
who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of
course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect
father figure."<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
Wayne was married three times and divorced twice.<br />
<br />
He was fluent in Spanish and his three wives, each of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> descent, were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Wayne" title="Josephine Wayne">Josephine Alicia Saenz</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a>.<br />
<br />
He had four children with Josephine: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael Wayne</a> (November 23, 1934 – April 2, 2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (February 25, 1936 – December 6, 2000), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick Wayne</a>
(born July 15, 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz (born December 3, 1940).<br />
<br />
He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born March 31,
1956), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">John Ethan Wayne</a> (born February 22, 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born February 22, 1966).<br />
<br />
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1643" data-file-width="1252" height="289" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg/220px-JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
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Wayne with third wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a> in 1971</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
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</div>
Several of Wayne's children entered the film and television industry;
Wayne's son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and
played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam-12_%281990_TV_series%29" title="Adam-12 (1990 TV series)">Adam-12</a></i> television series.<br />
<br />
His stormiest divorce was from Esperanza Baur, a former Mexican actress.<br />
<br />
She believed that Wayne and co-star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Russell" title="Gail Russell">Gail Russell</a> were having an affair, a claim which both Wayne and Russell denied.<br />
<br />
The night the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a></i>
(1947) wrapped, there was the usual party for cast and crew, and Wayne
came home very late. Esperanza was in a drunken rage by the time he
arrived, and she attempted to shoot him as he walked through the front
door.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> that lasted for three years and one with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Oberon" title="Merle Oberon">Merle Oberon</a> that lasted from 1938 to 1947.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:195–197</sup><br />
<br />
After his separation from his wife, Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became
romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy
(1941–1995) until his death in 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><br />
<br />
She published a biography of her life with him in 1983, titled <i>Duke: A Love Story</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's hair began thinning in the 1940s, and he started wearing a hairpiece by the end of that decade.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (notably, according to <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_%28magazine%29" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>'s funeral).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During a widely noted appearance at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>,
Wayne was asked by a student "Is it true that your toupée is real
mohair?" He responded: "Well sir, that's real hair. Not mine, but real
hair."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><br />
<br />
A close friend of Wayne's, California Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonzo_E._Bell,_Jr." title="Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr.">Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr.</a>,
wrote of him, "Duke's personality and sense of humor were very close to
what the general public saw on the big screen.<br />
<br />
It is perhaps best shown
in these words he had engraved on a plaque: 'Each of us is a mixture of
some good and some not so good qualities. In considering one's fellow
man it's important to remember the good things ... We should refrain
from making judgments just because a fella happens to be a dirty, rotten
SOB.'"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne biographer Michael Munn chronicled Wayne's drinking habits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Munn_16-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Munn-16">[16]</a></sup><br />
<br />
According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_O%27Steen" title="Sam O'Steen">Sam O'Steen</a>'s memoir, <i>Cut to the Chase</i>, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon he "was a mean drunk".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was
diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964.<br />
<br />
He underwent successful surgery to
remove his entire left lung<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cr_47-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-cr-47">[47]</a></sup>
and four ribs. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent
him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him
work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get
preventive examinations.<br />
<br />
Five years later, Wayne was declared
cancer-free. Wayne has been credited with coining the term "The Big C"
as a euphemism for cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's height has been perennially described as at least 6 ft 4 in (193 cm).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:47,54</sup><br />
<br />
He was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>, a Master Mason in Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56 F&AM, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>.<br />
<br />
He became a 32nd Degree Scottish Rite Mason and later joined the Al
Malaikah Shrine Temple in Los Angeles.<br />
<br />
He became a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During the early 1960s, John Wayne traveled extensively to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, during which he purchased the island of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taborcillo" title="Taborcillo">Taborcillo</a>
off the main coast.<br />
<br />
It was sold by his estate at his death and changed
hands many times before being opened as a tourist attraction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's yacht, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_YMS-328" title="USS YMS-328"><i>Wild Goose</i></a>, was one of his favorite possessions.<br />
<br />
He kept it docked in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Harbor</a> and it was listed on the U.S. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
Wayne was a prominent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in Hollywood, supporting <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communist" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> positions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Throughout most of his life, Wayne was a vocally prominent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>.<br />
<br />
Initially a self-described <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist" title="Socialist">socialist</a> during his college years, he voted for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1936" title="United States presidential election, 1936">1936 presidential election</a> and expressed admiration for Roosevelt's successor, fellow Democratic President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He took part in creating the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Alliance_for_the_Preservation_of_American_Ideals" title="Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals">Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals</a> in February 1944, and was elected president of that organization in 1949.<br />
<br />
An ardent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> and vocal supporter of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>, in 1952 he made <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Jim_McLain" title="Big Jim McLain">Big Jim McLain</a></i>
to show his support for the anti-communist cause.<br />
<br />
Recently declassified
Soviet documents reveal that, despite being a fan of Wayne's movies,
Soviet leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> contemplated Wayne's assassination as a result of his frequently espoused anti-communist politics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><br />
<br />
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Wayne meets with President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Clemente,_California" title="San Clemente, California">San Clemente, California</a>, July 1972</div>
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Wayne supported Vice President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1960" title="United States presidential election, 1960">presidential election of 1960</a>, but expressed his vision of patriotism when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> won the election: "I didn't vote for him but he's my president, and I hope he does a good job."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He used his iconic star power to support conservative causes, including rallying support for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> by producing, codirecting, and starring in the critically panned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Berets_%28film%29" title="The Green Berets (film)"><i>The Green Berets</i></a> in 1968.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
Due to his enormous popularity and his status as the most famous Republican star in Hollywood, wealthy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> Republican Party backers asked Wayne to run for national office in 1968, as had his friend and fellow actor Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>.<br />
<br />
He declined, joking that he did not believe the public would seriously consider an actor in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Instead, he supported his friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s runs for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> in 1966 and 1970.<br />
<br />
He was asked to be the running mate for Democratic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> in 1968, but he rejected the offer<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup> and actively campaigned for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> Wayne addressed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> on its opening day in August 1968.<br />
<br />
For a while, he was also a member of the anti-communist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne openly differed with the Republican Party over the issue of the Panama Canal, as he supported the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Panama Canal Treaty</a> in the mid-1970s;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup>
conservatives had wanted the U.S. to retain full control of the canal,
but Wayne believed that the Panamanians had the right to the canal and
sided with President Jimmy Carter and the Democrats.<br />
<br />
Wayne was a close
friend of the late Panamanian leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Torrijos" title="Omar Torrijos">Omar Torrijos Herrera</a>,
and Wayne's first wife, Josephine, was a native of Panama.<br />
<br />
His support
of the treaty brought him hate mail for the first time in his life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_portrait.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="405" data-file-width="306" height="291" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Wayne_portrait.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_portrait.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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in <i>Rio Bravo</i>, 1959</div>
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In May 1971, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i>
magazine published an interview with Wayne which resulted in a
firestorm of controversy.<br />
<br />
Wayne expressed his support for the Vietnam
War,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:580</sup> and made headlines for his resolute opinions about social issues and race relations in the United States:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
I believe in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>,
until the blacks are educated to a point of responsibility. I don't
believe giving authority and positions of leadership and judgment to
irresponsible people ... I don't feel we did wrong in taking this great
country away from [the Native Americans] ... Our so-called stealing of
this country from them was just a matter of survival. There were great
numbers of people who needed new land, and the Indians were selfishly
trying to keep it for themselves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davis_18-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-davis-18">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:289</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><br />
</blockquote>
In the same <i>Playboy</i> interview, Wayne also responded to questions about whether <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">social programs</a> were good for the country:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
I know all about that. In the late Twenties, when I was a sophomore
at USC, I was a socialist myself—but not when I left. The average
college kid idealistically wishes everybody could have ice cream and
cake for every meal. But as he gets older and gives more thought to his
and his fellow man's responsibilities, he finds that it can't work out
that way—that some people just won't carry their load ... I believe in
welfare—a welfare work program. I don't think a fella should be able to
sit on his backside and receive welfare. I'd like to know why
well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people
who think the world owes them a living. I'd like to know why they make
excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of the police and then run
behind the judicial sob sisters. I can't understand these people who
carry placards to save the life of some criminal, yet have no thought
for the innocent victim.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:580</sup><br />
</blockquote>
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h3>
Although he enrolled in a cancer vaccine study in an attempt to ward off the disease,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cr_47-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-cr-47">[47]</a></sup> Wayne died of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a> at the age of 72 on June 11, 1979, at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">UCLA Medical Center</a>, and was interred in the Pacific View Memorial Park cemetery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_del_Mar,_Newport_Beach" title="Corona del Mar, Newport Beach">Corona del Mar, Newport Beach</a>.<br />
<br />
According to his son Patrick and his grandson Matthew Muñoz, a priest in the California <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Orange" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange">Diocese of Orange</a>, he converted to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> shortly before his death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He requested that his tombstone read "Feo, Fuerte y Formal", a Spanish
epitaph Wayne described as meaning "ugly, strong, and dignified".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The grave, which went unmarked for 20 years, is now marked with a quotation from his controversial 1971 <i>Playboy</i>
interview: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us
at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself
in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Among the cast and crew who filmed the 1956 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conqueror_%28film%29" title="The Conqueror (film)">The Conqueror</a></i> on location near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George,_Utah" title="St. George, Utah">St. George, Utah</a>, 91 developed some form of cancer at various times, including stars Wayne, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Moorehead" title="Agnes Moorehead">Agnes Moorehead</a>, and director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a>.<br />
<br />
The film was shot in southwestern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, east of and generally <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwinders" title="Downwinders">downwind</a> from the site of recent U.S. Government <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> tests in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">southeastern Nevada</a>.<br />
<br />
Many contend that radioactive fallout from these tests contaminated the
film location and poisoned the film crew working there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Despite the suggestion that Wayne's 1964 lung cancer and his 1979
stomach cancer resulted from nuclear contamination, he believed his lung
cancer to have been a result of his six-packs-a-day cigarette habit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Awards.2C_celebrations.2C_and_landmarks">Awards, celebrations, and landmarks</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="537" data-file-width="711" height="196" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG/260px-John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG" width="260" /></a>
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Wayne in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comancheros_%28film%29" title="The Comancheros (film)">The Comancheros</a></i> (1961)</div>
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Wayne's enduring status as an iconic American was formally recognized
by the U.S. government in the form of the two highest civilian
decorations.<br />
<br />
On May 26, 1979, he was awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>.<br />
<br />
Hollywood figures and American leaders from across the political spectrum, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Frankovich" title="Mike Frankovich">Mike Frankovich</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, General and Mrs. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stack" title="Robert Stack">Robert Stack</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Arness" title="James Arness">James Arness</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>, testified to Congress in support of the award. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Robert Aldrich</a>, president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>, made a particularly notable statement:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
It is important for you to know that I am a registered Democrat and,
to my knowledge, share none of the political views espoused by Duke.
However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond
the normal political sharpshooting in this community. Because of his
courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an
actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout
his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts
and minds. In this industry, we often judge people, sometimes unfairly,
by asking whether they have paid their dues. John Wayne has paid his
dues over and over, and I'm proud to consider him a friend and am very
much in favor of my government recognizing in some important fashion the
contribution that Mr. Wayne has made.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rutherford_70-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-rutherford-70">[70]</a></sup><br />
</blockquote>
Wayne was posthumously awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> on June 9, 1980, by President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>.<br />
<br />
He had attended Carter's inaugural ball "as a member of the loyal
opposition", as he described it.<br />
<br />
In 1998, he was awarded the Naval
Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the
Navy and military during his film career.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> (AFI) named Wayne 13th among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">Greatest Male Screen Legends</a> of Classic Hollywood cinema.<br />
<br />
Various public locations are named in honor of Wayne, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>, where a nine-foot bronze statue of him stands at the entrance; the John Wayne Marina<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> for which Wayne bequeathed the land, near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequim,_Washington" title="Sequim, Washington">Sequim, Washington</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne_Elementary_School" title="John Wayne Elementary School">John Wayne Elementary School</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.S._380" title="P.S. 380">P.S. 380</a>) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, which boasts a 38-foot <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> mural commission by New York artist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knox_Martin" title="Knox Martin">Knox Martin</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> entitled "John Wayne and the American Frontier";<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> and a 100-plus-mile trail named the "John Wayne Pioneer Trail" in Washington's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Horse_State_Park" title="Iron Horse State Park">Iron Horse State Park</a>.<br />
<br />
A larger than life-size bronze statue of Wayne atop a horse was erected
at the corner of La Cienega Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>,
at the former offices of the Great Western Savings and Loan
Corporation, for which Wayne had made a number of commercials.<br />
<br />
In the
city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maricopa,_Arizona" title="Maricopa, Arizona">Maricopa, Arizona</a>, part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_347" title="Arizona State Route 347">Arizona State Route 347</a> is named John Wayne Parkway, which runs through the center of town.<br />
<br />
In 2006, friends of Wayne and his former Arizona business partner,
Louis Johnson, inaugurated the "Louie and the Duke Classics" events
benefiting the John Wayne Cancer Foundation<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10_75-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-75">[75]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The weekend-long event each fall in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Grande,_Arizona" title="Casa Grande, Arizona">Casa Grande, Arizona</a>, includes a golf tournament, an auction of John Wayne memorabilia, and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">team roping</a> competition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10_75-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-75">[75]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of
Wayne's birth.<br />
<br />
A celebration at the John Wayne birthplace in Winterset,
Iowa, included chuck-wagon suppers, concerts by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Martin_Murphey" title="Michael Martin Murphey">Michael Martin Murphey</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_%28band%29" title="Riders in the Sky (band)">Riders in the Sky</a>,
a Wild West Revue in the style of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, and a
Cowboy Symposium with Wayne's costars, producers, and costumers.<br />
<br />
Wayne's
films ran repetitively at the local theater.<br />
Ground was broken for the
New John Wayne Birthplace Museum and Learning Center at a ceremony
consisting of over 30 of Wayne's family members, including Melinda Wayne
Muñoz, Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa Wayne.<br />
<br />
Later that year, California
Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> and First Lady <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> inducted Wayne into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame" title="California Hall of Fame">California Hall of Fame</a>, located at <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Museum_for_History,_Women_and_the_Arts" title="The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts">The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 2016 Republican assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Harper" title="Matthew Harper">Matthew Harper</a> proposed marking May 26 as "John Wayne Day" in California.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JohnWayneday_78-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JohnWayneday-78">[78]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This resolution was struck down by a vote of 35 to 20, due to Wayne's
views on race and his support of controversial organizations such as the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JohnWayneday_78-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JohnWayneday-78">[78]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_image_as_an_American_icon">Cultural image as an American icon</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="940" data-file-width="762" height="271" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG/220px-Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_Lucy" title="I Love Lucy">I Love Lucy</a></i>, 1955</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
Wayne rose beyond the typical recognition for a famous actor to that
of an enduring icon who symbolized and communicated American values and
ideals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By the middle of his career, Wayne had developed a larger-than-life
image, and as his career progressed, he selected roles that would not
compromise his off-screen image.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> about the latter's decision to play the role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> in the film <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lust_for_Life_%28film%29" title="Lust for Life (film)"><i>Lust for Life</i></a>,
saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that?<br />
<br />
There's so
goddamn few of us left. We got to play strong, tough characters. Not
these weak queers."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By the time of his last film <i>The Shootist</i> (1976), Wayne refused to allow his character to shoot a man in the back as was originally scripted,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> demanding "I've made over 250 pictures and have never shot a guy in the back. Change it."<br />
<br />
Wayne's rise to being the quintessential movie war hero began to take shape four years after World War II, when <i>Sands of Iwo Jima</i> (1949) was released.<br />
<br />
His footprints at Grauman's Chinese theater in Hollywood were laid in concrete that contained sand from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His status grew so large and legendary that when Japanese <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohito" title="Emperor Hirohito">Emperor Hirohito</a> visited the United States in 1975, he asked to meet John Wayne, the symbolic representation of his country's former enemy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne is the only actor to appear in every edition of the annual <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Poll" title="Harris Poll">Harris Poll</a>
of Most Popular Film Actors, and the only actor to appear on the list
after his death.<br />
<br />
Wayne has been in the top ten in this poll for 19
consecutive years, starting in 1994, 15 years after his death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation">John Wayne Cancer Foundation</span></h3>
The
John Wayne Cancer Foundation was founded in 1985 in honor of John
Wayne, after his family granted the use of his name for the continued
fight against cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The foundation's mission is to "bring courage, strength and grit to the fight against cancer".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The foundation provides funds for innovative programs that improve
cancer patient care, including research, education, awareness, and
support.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_problems_with_Duke_University">Legal problems with Duke University</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="350" data-file-width="713" height="108" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
In <i>The Longest Day</i>, 1962</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>-based John Wayne Enterprises sells products such as Kentucky straight <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">bourbon</a> using Wayne's picture.<br />
<br />
When the company tried to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> the image appearing on one of the bottles, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>,
filed a notice of opposition. According to court documents, Duke has
tried three times since 2005 to stop the company from trademarking the
name.<br />
<br />
The company wants a federal judge in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>,
to declare that both brands can be allowed.<br />
<br />
The company's complaint
filed in federal court says the university "does not own the word 'Duke'
in all contexts for all purposes."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The university's official position is not to object if Wayne's image is
used, but if the company wants to use the Duke name without Wayne, the
university says, "we are also committed to protecting the integrity of
Duke University's trademarks."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Richard Howell, an attorney for John Wayne Enterprises, said the
company supports a co-use agreement, though he believed the name "Duke"
would be more likely associated with Wayne than with the university.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
On September 30, 2014, federal judge David Carter dismissed the suit
against Duke University, saying the jurisdiction was incorrect.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8">Source: Wikipedia.org </sup><br />
<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-58793369378951142862016-09-25T07:06:00.001-07:002016-09-25T08:02:21.417-07:00"Great is the Son Day Morning" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">"Great is the Son Day Morning"</span></span> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Great is the Sun Day Morning, it is meant to be had by all</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> And GOD said Let their be Light and It was so</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> We are All now Moths Seeking the Light of His Throne</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">"Enlightenment" </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Some days we hide a midst the stones </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Some days we stand all alone</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> We Laugh, we cry, we dance we sing</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> And then we sleep and sleep </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Until again we realize</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">we weep</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">But Yet in our hearts</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">The hearth shown</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> He kept It lit and aflame </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">For we all know</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">that deep down in the pit of our soul </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Tis all just a game?</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> No My friends Its not the end Of the Beginning</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> No not just yet!</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">"The Great Correction" It's Awakening is set</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> Days one through six Our work is done! </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> But yet on the seventh sets our Sun? </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Come rest a midst the Feet of Such a Great Light </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> that none Have seen in Such a Great while</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> this Awesome Sight. Rest </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">And Peace I give to you.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> I give you My Peace... </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Signed The Father's Son. The Lord Jesus your Christ. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true"> ... It just came to me this morning is it Poetry, Praise? I don't know but I share it with you all Today! You Decide As so we All Must Decide. For we've Choices to Make!</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="c9b96-0-0"><span data-text="true">Whether we Desire them or Not. Happy, Happy SON Day Morning! Can You See The Light? </span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">The Man Inside the Man</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">from</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Sinbad the Sailor Man</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">A</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">JMK's Production</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></span></div>
<h4>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span></h4>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man</sup></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S. Everybody Needs Traffic! <a href="https://r2.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Get Top Tier North American Traffic Here!</a></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-9460982838423360112016-09-18T10:46:00.002-07:002016-09-18T11:15:26.701-07:00"Is this the Man?" A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="western">
Is this the Man?</h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="IL_AD84"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="IL_AD53"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="IL_AD74"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="IL_AD43"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="IL_AD113"></a>
Why Father why do I still cry? <br />
Why have I not yet,
realized<br />
That love, I have never known<br />
<br />
Where and when will
I let you in <br />
Why do I not bend <br />
Must I wait until the
end?<br />
<br />
Broken and busted up<br />
An instrument out of tune <br />
When
strummed, notes sing out of key<br />
<br />
Mercy and Grace<br />
The serpent
slid in and took your place<br />
Sin I did, when I lost my faith<br />
<br />
I
turned and hide my face<br />
I did so with disgrace <br />
No mercy have I
yet, found<br />
<br />
A fallen angel cast down; unto<br />
This earthly
ground and bound<br />
Imprisoned and unfed no, none bread <br />
<br />
Hidden
within plain sight <br />
Blinded I will not see, Your Light<br />
I am
yet, deaf and dumb <br />
<br />
When shall I succumb<br />
With nowhere to
run <br />
Am I undone?<br />
<br />
These Humans bare my tears<br />
I yet,
still have no fear<br />
After all these Earthly years<br />
<br />
These
heathens', their jeers and stares<br />
Shall I entrance them with true
care<br />
Do I dare? They must be made too, beware<br />
<br />
They can see
not, my Father's Light<br />
Accursed, and damned by the man<br />
That old
dragon, these men's man, Satan <br />
<br />
Oh Lucifer!<br />
Oh
Lucifer!<br />
What has thou done? <br />
<br />
A thought by Sinbad the
Sailor Man<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Somebody Come and Play in Traffic with Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">The Man Inside the Man</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">from</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Sinbad the Sailor Man</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">A</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">JMK's Production</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></span></div>
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<h4>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;">Share this page, If you liked It Pass it on, If you loved It <a href="https://youtu.be/yO9HPRU9AJo" target="_blank">Follow Me</a>!</span></span></h4>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man</sup></span><br />
</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-82607655784559161602016-09-07T07:52:00.001-07:002016-09-07T07:52:48.473-07:00Alan Jackson~ "Where Were You When The World Stopped Turning"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TpZJD6deEGc?list=RDvPKp29Luryc" width="459"></iframe></div>
</div>
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Alan Eugene Jackson</b> (born October 17, 1958) is an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America">American</a> singer, songwriter and musician, known for blending traditional <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky_tonk" title="Honky tonk">honky tonk</a>
and mainstream country sounds and penning many of his own hits.<br />
<br />
He has
recorded 15 studio albums, three Greatest Hits albums, two Christmas
albums, two Gospel albums and several compilations.<br />
<br />
Jackson has sold over 80 million records worldwide, with more than 50 of his singles having appeared on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_%28magazine%29" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard's</a></i> list of the "Top 30 Country Songs".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Of Jackson's entries, 35 were <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number-one_hits_%28United_States%29" title="List of number-one hits (United States)">number-one hits</a>,
with 50 in the Top 10. He is the recipient of 2 Grammys, 16 CMA Awards,
17 ACM Awards and nominee of multiple other awards. He is a member of
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Ole_Opry" title="Grand Ole Opry">Grand Ole Opry</a>, and was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 2001.<br />
<br />
<br />
In August, 2014 the Country Music Hall of Fame opened an exhibit
celebrating Jackson’s 25 years in the music industry. It was also
announced that he was an artist in residency as well, performing shows
on October 8 and 22.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> <br />
<br />
The exhibit highlights the different milestones in his career with
memorabilia collected over the years. His 25th Anniversary "Keeping It
Country" Tour began January 8, 2015, in Estero, FL.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alanjackson.com_3-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-alanjackson.com-3">[3]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%; text-align: center;"><span class="fn">Alan Jackson</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlanJacksonApr10.jpg"><img alt="AlanJacksonApr10.jpg" data-file-height="2271" data-file-width="1861" height="268" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/AlanJacksonApr10.jpg/220px-AlanJacksonApr10.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div>
Jackson in April 2010</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; text-align: center;">Background information</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Birth name</th>
<td class="nickname">Alan Eugene Jackson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td>October 17, 1958 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(age 56)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Origin</th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genres</a></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Occupation(s)</th>
<td class="role"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer-songwriter" title="Singer-songwriter">Singer-songwriter</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Years active</th>
<td>1983–present</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Labels</a></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Nashville" title="Arista Nashville">Arista Nashville</a><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records_Nashville" title="Capitol Records Nashville">EMI Nashville</a>/Alan's Country Records</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Associated acts</th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Stegall" title="Keith Stegall">Keith Stegall</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett" title="Jimmy Buffett">Jimmy Buffett</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wrights_%28country_duo%29" title="The Wrights (country duo)">The Wrights</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zac_Brown_Band" title="Zac Brown Band">Zac Brown Band</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams,_Jr." title="Hank Williams, Jr.">Hank Williams, Jr.</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Website</th>
<td><a class="external text" href="http://www.alanjackson.com/" rel="nofollow">www.alanjackson.com</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
<h4>
Jackson was born to Joseph Eugene Jackson (Daddy Gene) and Ruth Musick Jackson (Mama Ruth) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan, Georgia</a>,
and has four older sisters. He, his father, mother, and sisters lived
in a small home built around his grandfather's old tool shed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At one point, his bed was in the hallway for lack of room. His mother
lives in the home to this day. Jackson sang in church as a child. His
first job, at 12, was in a shoe store. He wrote his first song in 1983.<br />
<br />
As a youth, Jackson listened primarily to gospel music. Otherwise he
was not a major music fan. Then a friend introduced him to the music of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Watson" title="Gene Watson">Gene Watson</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Anderson_%28musician%29" title="John Anderson (musician)">John Anderson</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams_Jr." title="Hank Williams Jr.">Hank Williams Jr.</a>
Jackson attended the local Elm Street Elementary and Newnan High
School.<br />
<br />
He started a band after high school. At the age of 27, Jackson
and his wife of six years, Denise, moved from Newnan to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, where he hoped to pursue music full-time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-seat_5-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-seat-5">[5]</a></sup><br />
<br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2>
<h4>
In Tennessee, Jackson got his first job in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_TV" title="Spike TV">The Nashville Network</a>'s mailroom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-seat_5-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-seat-5">[5]</a></sup> Denise Jackson connected him with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a>, who helped jumpstart his career.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sanz_6-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-sanz-6">[6]</a></sup> Jackson eventually signed with Arista.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-seat_5-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-seat-5">[5]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By 1989, he became the first signee to the newly formed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Nashville" title="Arista Nashville">Arista Nashville</a> branch of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allmusic_7-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-allmusic-7">[7]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Arista released Jackson's debut single, "Blue Blooded Woman", in late 1989. Although the song failed to reach top 40 on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Songs</a>, he reached number three by early 1990 with "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_in_the_Real_World_%28song%29" title="Here in the Real World (song)">Here in the Real World</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitburn_8-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-whitburn-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This song served as the title track to his debut album, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_in_the_Real_World" title="Here in the Real World">Here in the Real World</a></i>, which also included two more top five hits ("<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanted_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Wanted (Alan Jackson song)">Wanted</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasin%27_That_Neon_Rainbow" title="Chasin' That Neon Rainbow">Chasin' That Neon Rainbow</a>") and his first number one, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27d_Love_You_All_Over_Again" title="I'd Love You All Over Again">I'd Love You All Over Again</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitburn_8-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-whitburn-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Rock_the_Jukebox" title="Don't Rock the Jukebox">Don't Rock the Jukebox</a></i> was the title of Jackson's second album. Released in 1991, it included four number-one singles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Rock_the_Jukebox_%28song%29" title="Don't Rock the Jukebox (song)">the title track</a>, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Someday_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Someday (Alan Jackson song)">Someday</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Dallas (Alan Jackson song)">Dallas</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%27s_Got_a_Hold_on_You" title="Love's Got a Hold on You">Love's Got a Hold on You</a>", and the number three "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_in_Montgomery" title="Midnight in Montgomery">Midnight in Montgomery</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitburn_8-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-whitburn-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jackson also co-wrote several songs on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Travis" title="Randy Travis">Randy Travis</a>' 1992 album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Lonesome_%28Randy_Travis_album%29" title="High Lonesome (Randy Travis album)">High Lonesome</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allmusic_7-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-allmusic-7">[7]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Lot_About_Livin%27_%28And_a_Little_%27bout_Love%29" title="A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)">A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)</a></i>, his third album, accounted for the number one hits "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She%27s_Got_the_Rhythm_%28And_I_Got_the_Blues%29" title="She's Got the Rhythm (And I Got the Blues)">She's Got the Rhythm (And I Got the Blues)</a>" (which Travis co-wrote) and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattahoochee_%28song%29" title="Chattahoochee (song)">Chattahoochee</a>", plus the top five hits "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonight_I_Climbed_the_Wall" title="Tonight I Climbed the Wall">Tonight I Climbed the Wall</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Blues" title="Mercury Blues">Mercury Blues</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28Who_Says%29_You_Can%27t_Have_It_All" title="(Who Says) You Can't Have It All">(Who Says) You Can't Have It All</a>".<br />
<br />
"Chattahoochee" also won him the 1994 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association" title="Country Music Association">Country Music Association</a> (CMA) awards for Single and Song of the Year.<br />
<br />
In 1994 Jackson left his management company, Ten Ten Management,
which had overseen his career up to that point, and switched to Gary
Overton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His fourth album was titled <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_I_Am_%28Alan_Jackson_album%29" title="Who I Am (Alan Jackson album)">Who I Am</a></i>, and it contained four number one hits: a cover of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cochran" title="Eddie Cochran">Eddie Cochran</a> standard "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summertime_Blues" title="Summertime Blues">Summertime Blues</a>", followed by "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livin%27_on_Love" title="Livin' on Love">Livin' on Love</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gone_Country_%28song%29" title="Gone Country (song)">Gone Country</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Don%27t_Even_Know_Your_Name" title="I Don't Even Know Your Name">I Don't Even Know Your Name</a>".<br />
<br />
An additional track from the album, a cover of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Crowell" title="Rodney Crowell">Rodney Crowell</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_for_the_Life" title="Song for the Life">Song for the Life</a>", made number six. In late 1994, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Walker" title="Clay Walker">Clay Walker</a> reached number one with "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_I_Could_Make_a_Living_%28song%29" title="If I Could Make a Living (song)">If I Could Make a Living</a>", which Jackson co-wrote.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Alan also appeared in the 1996 "When Harry Kept Delores" episode of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Improvement_%28TV_series%29" title="Home Improvement (TV series)"><i>Home Improvement</i></a>, singing his hit song "Mercury Blues" about his 1950 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28automobile%29" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lakeland_Ledger_1996-02-20_11-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-Lakeland_Ledger_1996-02-20-11">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Spokesman-Review_1995-12-19_12-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-The_Spokesman-Review_1995-12-19-12">[12]</a></sup><br />
</h4>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mid-late_1990s">Mid-late 1990s</span></h3>
<h4>
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greatest_Hits_Collection_%28Alan_Jackson_album%29" title="The Greatest Hits Collection (Alan Jackson album)">The Greatest Hits Collection</a>" was released on October 24, 1995. The disc contained 17 hits, two newly recorded songs ("<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_Try" title="I'll Try">I'll Try</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall,_Tall_Trees" title="Tall, Tall Trees">Tall, Tall Trees</a>"), and the song "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Home (Alan Jackson song)">Home</a>" from "<i>Here in the Real World</i>" that had never been released as a single.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><br />
<br />
These first two songs both made number one.<br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_I_Love" title="Everything I Love">Everything I Love</a></i> followed in 1996. Its first single was a cover of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_T._Hall" title="Tom T. Hall">Tom T. Hall</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Bitty" title="Little Bitty">Little Bitty</a>", which Jackson took to the top of the charts in late 1996.<br />
<br />
The album also included the number one hit "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Goes" title="There Goes">There Goes</a>" and a number two cover of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charly_McClain" title="Charly McClain">Charly McClain</a>'s 1980 single "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Cheatin%27_Who" title="Who's Cheatin' Who">Who's Cheatin' Who</a>".<br />
<br />
The album's fifth single was "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_House_with_No_Curtains" title="A House with No Curtains">A House with No Curtains</a>", which became his first release since 1989 to miss the top 10.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whitburn_8-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-whitburn-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Mileage" title="High Mileage">High Mileage</a></i> was led off by the number four "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_Go_On_Loving_You" title="I'll Go On Loving You">I'll Go On Loving You</a>". After it came the album's only number one hit, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_on_the_Money" title="Right on the Money">Right on the Money</a>", co-written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Vassar" title="Phil Vassar">Phil Vassar</a>.<br />
<br />
With Jackson's release of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Influence_%28Alan_Jackson_album%29" title="Under the Influence (Alan Jackson album)">Under the Influence</a></i>
in 1999, he took the double risk on an album of covers of country
classics while retaining a traditional sound when a rock- and pop-tinged
sound dominated country radio.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><br />
<br />
When the Country Music Association (CMA) asked <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>
to trim his act to 90 seconds for the 1999 CMA awards, Jones decided to
boycott the event.<br />
<br />
In solidarity, Jackson interrupted his own song and
launched into Jones's song "Choices" and then walked offstage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Alan was also known for wearing a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullet_%28hairstyle%29" title="Mullet (hairstyle)">mullet</a> since 1989. Before then, he had short hair.<br />
</h4>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2000s">2000s</span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2000s"> </span></h3>
<h4>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alan_jackson_at_pentagon.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="333" data-file-width="500" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alan_jackson_at_pentagon.jpg/220px-Alan_jackson_at_pentagon.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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<div class="magnify">
</div>
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<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Jackson performing in 2002</div>
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After country music changed toward pop music in the 2000s, he and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a> criticized the state of country music on the song "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_on_Music_Row" title="Murder on Music Row">Murder on Music Row</a>".<br />
<br />
The song sparked debate in the country music community about whether "traditional" country music was actually dead or not.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Despite the fact that the song was not officially released as a single,
it became the highest-charting nonseasonal album cut (not available in
any retail single configuration or released as a promotional single to
radio during a chart run) to appear on Hot Country Singles & Tracks
in the Broadcast Data Systems era, beating the record previously held by
Garth Brooks' "Belleau Wood."<br />
<br />
The duo were invited to open the 2000
Academy of Country Music Awards (ACMAs) with a performance of the tune.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> commented on Jackson's style remarking, "If <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania</a> have raised the bar for country concerts with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_%28band%29" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a>-style production and endless costume changes, then Alan Jackson is doing his best to return the bar to a more human level."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><br />
<br />
After the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a>, Jackson released "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Were_You_%28When_the_World_Stopped_Turning%29" title="Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)">Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)</a>"
as a tribute to those killed in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The song
became a hit single and briefly propelled him into the mainstream
spotlight.<br />
<br />
At the 2001 CMA Awards, Jackson debuted the song "Where Were You When
the World Stopped Turning". The performance was generally considered
the highlight of the show, and Jackson's site crashed the next day from
server requests.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The song came to Jackson suddenly, and had not been scheduled for any
official release, but the live performance began receiving radio airplay
and was soon released as a single.<br />
<br />
Jackson released a Christmas album, titled <i>Let It Be Christmas</i>, October 22, 2002.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jeannie Kendall contacted Jackson to do a duet, and he suggested the
song "Timeless and True Love".<br />
<br />
It appeared on her first solo album,
released in 2003.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In early 2006, Jackson released his first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a> album entitled <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Memories_%28Alan_Jackson_album%29" title="Precious Memories (Alan Jackson album)">Precious Memories</a></i>.
He put together the album by the request of his mother, who enjoys
religious music.<br />
<br />
Jackson considered this album a "side project" and
nothing too official, but it was treated as such. More than 1.8 million
albums were sold.<br />
<br />
Only mere months after the release of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Memories_%28Alan_Jackson_album%29" title="Precious Memories (Alan Jackson album)">Precious Memories</a></i> in 2006, Jackson released his next album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_Red_on_a_Rose" title="Like Red on a Rose">Like Red on a Rose</a></i>, which featured a more adult contemporary/folk sound. Unlike most of Jackson's albums, this one earned only a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Record" title="Gold Record">Gold Record</a>, and was criticized as out of character by some fans.<br />
<br />
Unlike his previous albums, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_Red_on_a_Rose" title="Like Red on a Rose">Like Red on a Rose</a></i> had a different producer and sound. Alan's main producer for his music, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Stegall" title="Keith Stegall">Keith Stegall</a>, was notably absent from this album. Instead, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> was hired to produce the album. She also chose the songs.<br />
<br />
Despite being labeled as "country music" or "bluegrass", <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_Red_on_a_Rose" title="Like Red on a Rose">Like Red on a Rose</a>
had a mainstream sound to it, upsetting some fans, even making some of
them believe that Jackson was abandoning his traditional past and aiming
toward a more mainstream jazz/blues sound.<br />
<br />
However, for his next album, he went back to his country roots. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Time_%28album%29" title="Good Time (album)">Good Time</a></i> was released on March 4, 2008. The album's first single, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Town_Southern_Man" title="Small Town Southern Man">Small Town Southern Man</a>", was released to radio on November 19.<br />
<br />
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Boy_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Country Boy (Alan Jackson song)">Country Boy</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Time_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Good Time (Alan Jackson song)">Good Time</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sissy%27s_Song" title="Sissy's Song">Sissy's Song</a>" and the final single from the album, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Still_Like_Bologna" title="I Still Like Bologna">I Still Like Bologna</a>", were also released as singles.<br />
<br />
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sissy%27s_Song" title="Sissy's Song">Sissy's Song</a>"
is dedicated to a longtime friend of the Jackson family (Leslie "Sissy"
Fitzgerald) who worked in their house everyday. Fitzgerald was killed
in a motorcycle accident in mid-2007.<br />
</h4>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="2010s">2010s</span></h3>
<h4>
His sixteenth studio album, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_Train_%28album%29" title="Freight Train (album)">Freight Train</a></i>, was released on March 30, 2010. The first single was "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Just_That_Way" title="It's Just That Way">It's Just That Way</a>", which debuted at No. 50 in January 2010. "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Hat_and_a_Hammer" title="Hard Hat and a Hammer">Hard Hat and a Hammer</a>" is the album's second single, released in May 2010.<br />
<br />
On November 23, 2010, Jackson released another greatest hits package, entitled <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34_Number_Ones" title="34 Number Ones">34 Number Ones</a></i>, which features a cover of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> hit "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_Fire_%28song%29" title="Ring of Fire (song)">Ring of Fire</a>", as well as the duet with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zac_Brown_Band" title="Zac Brown Band">Zac Brown Band</a>, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_She%27s_Walking_Away" title="As She's Walking Away">As She's Walking Away</a>".<br />
<br />
On Jan. 20, 2011, it was announced that Jackson and his record label, Sony, parted ways.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup><br />
On March 23, 2011, Jackson announced his new deal with Capitol's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records_Nashville" title="Capitol Records Nashville">EMI Records Nashville</a>.<br />
<br />
It is a joint venture between ACR (Alan's Country Records) and Capitol.
All records will be released and marketed through Capitol's EMI Records
Nashville label.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 2012, Jackson released the album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Miles_West" title="Thirty Miles West">Thirty Miles West</a></i>.<br />
<br />
Three singles have been released from the album, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Way_to_Go_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Long Way to Go (Alan Jackson song)">Long Way to Go</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_You_Don%27t_Have_to_Love_Me_Anymore" title="So You Don't Have to Love Me Anymore">So You Don't Have to Love Me Anymore</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Go_Your_Way_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="You Go Your Way (Alan Jackson song)">You Go Your Way</a>". None of the singles reached the top 20. A tour in 2013 supported the album.<br />
<br />
Jackson released his second gospel album, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Memories_Volume_II" title="Precious Memories Volume II">Precious Memories Volume II</a></i>, on March 26, 2013.<br />
In 2014, Jackson recorded the opening credits song, "A Million Ways to Die", for the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Million_Ways_to_Die_in_the_West" title="A Million Ways to Die in the West">A Million Ways to Die in the West</a></i>, co-writing the song with the film's star/writer/director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane" title="Seth MacFarlane">Seth MacFarlane</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In January 2015, Jackson began his 25th anniversary "Keepin' It
Country" tour, followed in April with the announcement of his twentieth
studio album, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_and_Alcohol" title="Angels and Alcohol">Angels and Alcohol</a></i>, which was released on July 17.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><br />
<br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Awards.2C_nominations_and_induction_into_the_Georgia_Music_Hall_of_Fame">Awards, nominations and induction into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame</span></h2>
<h4>
In 1989 he was nominated for a total of six <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association" title="Country Music Association">Country Music Association</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Awards" title="Country Music Association Awards">awards</a> (CMAs).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sanz_6-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-sanz-6">[6]</a></sup><br />
He was nominated for four 1994 CMAs, including Entertainer of the Year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RW_26-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-RW-26">[26]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jackson became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1991; he was inducted by Roy Acuff and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Travis" title="Randy Travis">Randy Travis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jackson was the most nominated artist at the 29th annual TNN/Music
City News Country Awards that was broadcast June 5 from the Grand Ole
Opry House. His six nominations included best entertainer, male artist,
vocal collaboration, album, single, and video (two nominations in this
category).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At the 2002 CMAs, Jackson set a record for having the most
nominations in a single year – ten – many rising from the song "Where
Were You". It also brought his career total up to the second number of
most nominations ever, after George Strait.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><br />
<br />
"Where Were You" also was nominated for a Grammy for Song of the Year. The song was also subsequently parodied in the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> episode "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Ladder_To_Heaven" title="A Ladder To Heaven">A Ladder To Heaven</a>".<br />
<br />
At the 2003 Academy of Country Music Awards, Jackson won Album of the Year for <i>Drive</i> and Video of the Year for the video to "Drive (For Daddy Gene)."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jackson was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame on October 22, 2001 in Atlanta.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
Alan Jackson was selected to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010.<br />
<br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Alan_Jackson_Collection_at_Cracker_Barrel">Alan Jackson Collection at Cracker Barrel</span></h2>
<h4>
In 2009, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. started to carry the
"Alan Jackson Collection" which included a special release CD available
exclusively at Cracker Barrel, cowboy style shirts and T-shirts,
baseball caps, home goods (candles, kitchen goods) including an
old-fashion wooden rocking chair that has a metal plate of Alan's
autograph on the headrest; toys, spices and BBQ sauces/rubs and a
replica of his own personal cowboy hat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><br />
<br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Ford_trucks_endorsement">Ford trucks endorsement</span></h2>
<h4>
Ford's agency J. Walter Thompson USA in Detroit, in 1992, worked out
with Jackson a multimillion-dollar, multi-year contract for his sole
endorsement of Ford trucks.<br />
<br />
In his video for "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Cheatin%27_Who" title="Who's Cheatin' Who">Who's Cheatin' Who</a>" he was behind the wheel of a "Big Foot" <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_F-Series" title="Ford F-Series">Ford F-150</a>
pickup truck, and Ford's five NASCAR vehicles (at the time) were
prominently featured.<br />
<br />
Additionally, he changed the lyrics "Crazy 'bout a
Mercury" of the song "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Blues" title="Mercury Blues">Mercury Blues</a>" to "Crazy 'bout a Ford truck" in a TV ad for the Ford F-series.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Touring">Touring</span></h2>
<h4>
Jackson headlined the 1995 Fruit Of The Loom Comfort Tour, a deal
worth $40 million. It began January 20 in New Orleans and ran for a
hundred dates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Alan Jackson's 2004 concert tour launched January 23 in Fort Myers,
Florida and was sponsored by NAPA Auto Parts in a deal that included
Jackson's endorsement in TV spots. The tour included more than 50 U.S.
dates.<br />
<br />
Martina McBride was the opening for some of the shows.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In March 2011 he visited Australia to perform for the CMC Rocks The
Hunter music festival where he was the headline act for Saturday night.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He came to Springfield, Illinois on November 10, 2012, and performed at the Prairie Capitol Convention Center.<br />
<br />
In 2015, Jackson kicked off his 25th Anniversary Keepin' It Country tour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alanjackson.com_3-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-alanjackson.com-3">[3]</a></sup>
The tour began with a concert in Estero, FL on January 8 at the Germain
Arena.<br />
<br />
Jon Pardi & Brandy Clark are special guests for most
concerts of the tour. The tour is currently set to wrap with a solo
concert in Highland Park, IL at the Ravinia Pavilion on August 31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><br />
<br />
</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Band_members">Band members</span></h2>
<h4>
<ul>
<li>Monty Allen – acoustic guitar, harmony vocals</li>
<li>Scott Coney – acoustic guitar, tic tac bass, banjo</li>
<li>Robbie Flint – steel guitar</li>
<li>Danny Groah – lead guitar</li>
<li>Ryan Joseph - fiddle, harmony vocals</li>
<li>Bruce Rutherford – drums</li>
<li>Joey Schmidt – keyboards</li>
<li>Roger Wills – bass guitar</li>
</ul>
</h4>
<h2>
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlanJacksonFamilyApr10.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="2179" height="202" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AlanJacksonFamilyApr10.jpg/220px-AlanJacksonFamilyApr10.jpg" width="220" /></a>
</h2>
<h4>
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<div class="thumbcaption">
Jackson with his family at a ceremony to receive a star on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in April 2010</div>
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</div>
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</h4>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<h4>
Jackson married his high school sweetheart, Denise Jackson, on
December 15, 1979.<br />
<br />
They are the parents of three daughters: Mattie
Denise (born June 19, 1990), Alexandra Jane "Ali" (born August 23,
1993), and Dani Grace (born August 28, 1997).<br />
<br />
Although the couple
separated for several months in 1998 due to the strains of Jackson's
career as well as his infidelity,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> they have since reconciled.<br />
<br />
Their story is referenced in several of Jackson's songs, including "She Likes It Too" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remember_When_%28Alan_Jackson_song%29" title="Remember When (Alan Jackson song)">Remember When</a>,"
based on his memories, and the fond views of an everlasting love
between his wife and him. Denise and their daughters appear in the
latter song's video.<br />
<br />
Denise Jackson wrote a book that topped <i>The New York Times</i>
Best Seller list that covered her life with Jackson, their relationship,
separation over his infidelity, and re-commitment to each other, and her
commitment to Christianity.<br />
<br />
The book, titled <i>It's All About Him: Finding the Love of My Life</i>, was published in 2007. In May 2008 she released a Gift Book titled "The Road Home."<br />
<br />
Jackson's nephew, Adam Wright, is also a country music
singer-songwriter. Adam and his wife, Shannon, perform together as a duo
called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wrights_%28country_duo%29" title="The Wrights (country duo)">The Wrights</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The Wrights co-wrote two songs and sang harmony vocals on Jackson's <i>What I Do</i> album.<br />
<br />
Jackson is a cousin of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Moss" title="Brandon Moss">Brandon Moss</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In June 2009 Jackson listed his 135-acre (0.55 km<sup>2</sup>) estate just outside of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin, Tennessee</a>
for sale, asking $38 million. The property sold in late May 2010 for
$28 million, one of the highest prices ever for a home sale in the
Nashville area.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 2010, after Alan Jackson moved his estate just outside of Franklin,
the singer then moved into a home in the same Nashville suburb. The
singer and his wife paid $3.675 million for the estate in June 2010, but
less than a year later they listed the home for $3.995 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Jackson maintained a close friendship with fellow country singer, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>. Jones has been mentioned in songs such as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Rock_the_Jukebox_%28song%29" title="Don't Rock the Jukebox (song)">Don't Rock the Jukebox</a>"
(Jones also appeared in the video which accompanied it) and "Murder on
Music Row".<br />
<br />
The song "Just Playin' Possum" is dedicated to Jones and
talks of how Alan only wants to lie low and play possum, possum
referring to George Jones. Jones can also be seen in the video for "Good
Time".<br />
<br />
In 2008 Jones was a surprise guest at Jackson's "CMT Giants"
ceremony, where he thanked Jackson for his friendship.<br />
<br />
He's also close
friends with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a>,
who sang "Murder On Music Row" with him. Besides his associations with
big stars, Alan also maintains his connections to his roots and old
friends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tyler_Moreland_2008_45-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-Tyler_Moreland_2008-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
From his early days of playing the guitar with his old high school
friend and fellow musician David "Bird" Burgess on the Burgess' family
front porch, it was evident Alan was going to be Newnan's rising star.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tyler_Moreland_2008_45-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-Tyler_Moreland_2008-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
While "Bird" Burgess has left the country music scene to pursue other avenues, the two have remained friends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tyler_Moreland_2008_45-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Jackson#cite_note-Tyler_Moreland_2008-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>' funeral service, on May 2, 2013, Jackson performed one of Jones' classics, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Stopped_Loving_Her_Today" title="He Stopped Loving Her Today">He Stopped Loving Her Today</a>", at the close of the service at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, TN.</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Source: Wikipedia.org</h4>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-57663126669446149672016-09-07T07:20:00.000-07:002016-09-07T07:20:08.031-07:00Johnny Horton~ "Battle of New Orleans, In 1814"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>John LaGale "Johnny" Horton</b> (April 30, 1925 – November 5, 1960) was an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer">singer</a>.<br />
<br />
Rising to fame slowly over the course of the 1950s, Horton earned great
fame in 1959 performing historical ballads, beginning with the song "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans_%28song%29" title="Battle of New Orleans (song)">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" (written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a>), which was awarded the 1960 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_%26_Western_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording">Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording</a>.<br />
<br />
The song was awarded the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Grammy Hall of Fame Award">Grammy Hall of Fame Award</a> and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_the_Century" title="Songs of the Century">Songs of the Century</a>".<br />
<br />
His first hit, a number 1 song in 1959, was "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_It%27s_Springtime_in_Alaska_%28It%27s_Forty_Below%29" title="When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)">When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)</a>".<br />
During 1960, Horton had two other successes with "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink_the_Bismark_%28song%29" title="Sink the Bismark (song)">Sink the Bismarck</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska_%28song%29" title="North to Alaska (song)">North to Alaska</a>" for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>'s movie, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska" title="North to Alaska">North to Alaska</a></i>.<br />
<br />
Horton died in November 1960 at the peak of his fame in an automobile
accident, less than two years after his breakthrough.<br />
<br />
Horton is a member
of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rockabilly Hall of Fame">Rockabilly Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Music Hall of Fame">Louisiana Music Hall of Fame</a>.<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span class="fn">Johnny Horton</span></th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton.jpg"><img alt="Johnny Horton.jpg" data-file-height="292" data-file-width="200" height="292" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Johnny_Horton.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; text-align: center;">Background information</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th>
<td class="nickname">John LaGale Horton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th>
<td class="nickname">The Singing Fisherman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td>April 30, 1925<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>November 5, 1960 (aged 35)<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano,_Texas" title="Milano, Texas">Milano, Texas</a>, U.S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genres</a></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Occupation(s)</span></th>
<td class="role"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">Singer</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Instruments</th>
<td class="note"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th>
<td>1950–1960</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
Horton was born in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a>,
to John Loly Horton (1889–1959) and the former Ella Claudia Robinson
(1892–1966), the youngest of five siblings, and reared in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Texas" title="Cherokee County, Texas">Cherokee County</a> in east <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
His family often traveled to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to work as migrant fruit pickers. After graduation from high school in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallatin,_Texas" title="Gallatin, Texas">Gallatin</a>, Texas, in 1944, Horton attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Morris_College" title="Lon Morris College">Lon Morris Junior College</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Texas" title="Jacksonville, Texas">Jacksonville</a>, Texas, with a basketball scholarship.<br />
<br />
He later attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a> and briefly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylor_University" title="Baylor University">Baylor University</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a>, although he did not graduate from any of these institutions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton soon returned to California. where he got a job in the mail room at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selznick_International_Pictures" title="Selznick International Pictures">Selznick International Pictures</a>.<br />
<br />
His future wife, Donna Cook, was working at the studio as a secretary
at the time.<br />
<br />
After a short stint studying geology in Seattle in 1948,
Horton went to Alaska to look for gold.<br />
It was during this period that
he began writing songs. Returning south, he entered and won a talent
contest in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson, Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
Encouraged by this result, he returned to California to pursue a music career.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His guest appearances on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffie_Stone" title="Cliffie Stone">Cliffie Stone</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hometown_Jamboree" title="Hometown Jamboree">Hometown Jamboree</a></i> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXLA" title="KXLA">KXLA</a>-TV in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a> and his own half-hour show <i>The Singing Fisherman</i>
led to the opportunity to record some songs on the Cormac record label.<br />
<br />
By the time the company folded in 1952, Horton recorded ten singles for
that label. Fabor Robison, owner of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Records" title="Abbott Records">Abbott Records</a>, acquired the masters.<br />
<br />
Around this time Horton married Donna Cook.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Louisiana_Hayride_and_early_career"><i>Louisiana Hayride</i> and early career</span></h2>
By this time Horton was appearing regularly on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Hayride" title="Louisiana Hayride">Louisiana Hayride</a></i>, so he and Donna moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>, where the show was recorded.<br />
<br />
He also signed a contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a>
and began recording. His first song for that label, "First Train
Headin' South" b/w "(I Wished for an Angel) The Devil Sent Me You"
(Mercury 6412), received good reviews.<br />
<br />
He and his new backup band, the
Rowley Trio, began touring under the name The Singing Fisherman and the
Rowley Trio in 1952, eventually changing the name to Johnny Horton and
the Roadrunners.<br />
<br />
The group included Horton as lead singer, Jerry Rowley
on fiddle, his wife Evelyn on piano, and his sister Vera (Dido) on
guitars.<br />
<br />
The constant touring was hard on Horton's marriage, and Donna
moved back to Los Angeles.<br />
They were soon divorced.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
On September 26, 1953, Horton married <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Jean_Jones" title="Billie Jean Jones">Billie Jean Jones</a>, widow of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, who had died January 1, 1953.<br />
<br />
Horton parted ways with the Rowley trio, but continued to appear occasionally on <i>Louisiana Hayride</i>.
His contract with Mercury expired in late 1954, with his recording of
"All for the Love of a Girl" (Mercury 70227) being his best seller, at
35,000 to 45,000 copies.<br />
<br />
Horton, always an avid fisherman, got a job in a
tackle shop and put his music career on hiatus. But by the following
year, his new manager and bassist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillman_Franks" title="Tillman Franks">Tillman Franks</a> had obtained Horton a one-year contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>.<br />
<br />
They traveled to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a> in a borrowed car for their first recording session. Influenced by the work of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, Horton began adopting a more <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> style.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".22Honky-Tonk_Man.22_and_later_career">"Honky-Tonk Man" and later career</span></h2>
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-Tonk_Man" title="Honky-Tonk Man">Honky-Tonk Man</a>"
was recorded on 11 January 1956 at the Bradley Barn Studio in
Nashville, one of four songs Horton recorded that day.<br />
<br />
Session musicians
on the recording were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grady_Martin" title="Grady Martin">Grady Martin</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bradley" title="Harold Bradley">Harold Bradley</a>, as well as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Black" title="Bill Black">Bill Black</a>
(at the time Presley’s bassist).<br />
<br />
Soon afterwards "Honky-Tonk Man" was
released as a single (Columbia label: 4-21504) paired with another song
from the same session, "I'm Ready if You're Willing".<br />
<br />
They went out on
tour, with the band featuring Franks on bass and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tomlinson" title="Tommy Tomlinson">Tommy Tomlinson</a> on guitar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
"Honky-Tonk Man" was reviewed by the March 10 issue of <i>Billboard</i>,
which said of "Honky Tonk Man", "The wine women and song attractions
exert a powerful hold on the singer, he admits. The funky sound and
pounding beat in the backing suggest the kind of atmosphere he
describes. A very good jukebox record."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Their review of "I'm Ready if You're Willing" was also positive:
"Horton sings out this cheerful material with amiable personality.<br />
<br />
This
ever more popular stylist ought to expand his circle of fans with this
one."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The song peaked at No. 9 on the C&W Jockey chart (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Songs</a>) and at No. 14 on the Best Seller chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton returned to the studio on May 23, but the "A" side of his next
single, "I'm a One Woman Man" (Columbia 21538), was one of the songs
recorded back in January. The "B" side was "I Don't Like I Did".<br />
<br />
<i>Billboard</i>
described "One Woman Man" as a "Smart and polished job," and Horton as
"singing with a light, airy touch. Guitar work is just as convincing,
adding up to listenable, commercial stuff".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He and his band toured through the United States and Canada to promote
the record, which reached No. 7 on the Jockey chart and No. 9 on the
Best Seller and Jukebox charts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
"I'm Coming Home" / "I Got A Hole In My Pirogue" (Columbia 40813) was released around this time as well.<br />
<br />
On February 9, <i>Billboard</i>
noted that "not only Southern markets are doing good business with
this, but Northern cities report that both country and pop customers are
going for this in a big way".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It was again a success on the country charts (No. 11 Jockey, No. 15
Best Seller) but it failed to score the popular music charts.<br />
<br />
Later major successes include the song "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans_%28song%29" title="Battle of New Orleans (song)">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" (written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a>), which was awarded the 1960 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_%26_Western_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording">Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording</a>.<br />
<br />
The song was awarded the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Grammy Hall of Fame Award">Grammy Hall of Fame Award</a> and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_the_Century" title="Songs of the Century">Songs of the Century</a>".<br />
<br />
Horton had two other successes in 1960 with "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink_the_Bismark_%28song%29" title="Sink the Bismark (song)">Sink the Bismarck</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska_%28song%29" title="North to Alaska (song)">North to Alaska</a>" for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>'s movie, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska" title="North to Alaska">North to Alaska</a></i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
When
Johnny Cash, a good friend of Horton's, learned about the accident he
said, "[I] locked myself in one of the hotel's barrooms and cried."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Cash dedicated his rendition of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_It%27s_Springtime_in_Alaska_%28It%27s_Forty_Below%29" title="When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)">When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)</a>" to Horton on his album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_File" title="Personal File">Personal File</a></i>: "Johnny Horton was a good old friend of mine."<br />
<br />
Horton was inducted into The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Music Hall of Fame">Louisiana Music Hall of Fame</a> and posthumously inducted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Music_Museum" title="Delta Music Museum">Delta Music Museum</a> Hall of Fame in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferriday,_Louisiana" title="Ferriday, Louisiana">Ferriday</a>, Louisiana.<br />
<br />
Some racist songs have sometimes been incorrectly associated with Horton. These songs are by a singer calling himself "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Rebel_%28singer%29" title="Johnny Rebel (singer)">Johnny Rebel</a>,"
who did not begin recording until after Horton's death.<br />
<br />
The mistake is
apparently because Horton recorded the historical song "Johnny Reb."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life"></span></h2>
Horton
was married twice. His first marriage, to Donna Cook, ended with a
divorce granted in Rusk, Texas.<br />
<br />
In September 1953, he married <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Jean_Jones" title="Billie Jean Jones">Billie Jean Jones</a>, the widow of country music singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>.
(She was Williams' second wife.)<br />
<br />
With Billie Jean, Horton had two
daughters, Yanina (Nina) and Melody. Billie Jean's daughter, Jeri Lynn,
was legally adopted by Johnny.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h2>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="720" data-file-width="1280" height="124" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg/220px-Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Johnny Horton bench at Hillcrest Cemetery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haughton,_Louisiana" title="Haughton, Louisiana">Haughton, Louisiana</a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton,_LA_IMG_2639.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="720" data-file-width="1280" height="124" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton%2C_LA_IMG_2639.jpg/220px-Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton%2C_LA_IMG_2639.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Horton's grave marker</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
On the night of November 4–5, 1960, Horton and two other band members
(Tommy Tomlinson and Tillman Franks) were travelling from Austin to
Shreveport when they collided with an oncoming truck on a bridge near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano,_Texas" title="Milano, Texas">Milano, Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
Horton died en route to hospital, and Tomlinson was seriously injured;
his leg later had to be amputated.<br />
<br />
Franks suffered head injuries, and
James Davis, the driver of the truck, had a broken ankle and other minor
injuries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The funeral was held at Shreveport on November 8, 1960, officiated by
Tillman Franks' younger brother, William D. "Billy" Franks, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_God_%28Cleveland,_Tennessee%29" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God</a> minister. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> did one of the readings, choosing Chapter 20 from the Book of John.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton is interred, with a cemetery bench in his honor, at the Hillcrest Memorial Park and Mausoleum in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haughton,_Louisiana" title="Haughton, Louisiana">Haughton</a>, east of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a> in northwestern Louisiana.<br />
<br />
<br />
Source: Wikipedia.org<br />
<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-16565246663667439872016-09-07T06:45:00.002-07:002016-09-07T06:45:40.681-07:00John Wayne`s~ "God Bless America"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/evSC-WZFw1c" width="459"></iframe></div>
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<br />
<b>Marion Mitchell Morrison</b> (born <b>Marion Robert Morrison</b>; May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), better known by his stage name <b>John Wayne</b> and the nickname <b>Duke</b>, was an American actor, director, and producer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
An <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winner for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Grit_%281969_film%29" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a></i> (1969), Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-numbers_2-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-numbers-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, Wayne grew up in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>.<br />
He found work at local film studios when he lost his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (USC) as a result of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodysurfing" title="Bodysurfing">bodysurfing</a> accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:63–64</sup><br />
<br />
Initially working for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" title="20th Century Fox">Fox Film Corporation</a>, he mostly appeared in small bit parts. His first leading role came in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a>'s lavish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">widescreen</a> epic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a></i> (1930), which led to leading roles in numerous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movies</a> throughout the 1930s, many of them in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_%28genre%29" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> genre.<br />
<br />
Wayne's career took off in 1939, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach_%281939_film%29" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i>
making him an instant mainstream star. Wayne went on to star in 142
pictures.<br />
<br />
Biographer Ronald Davis says: "John Wayne personified for
millions the nation's frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were
Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen, and unconquerable
loners extracted from the Republic's central creation myth."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's other well-known Western roles include a cattleman driving his herd north on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_%281948_film%29" title="Red River (1948 film)">Red River</a></i> (1948), a Civil War veteran whose young niece is abducted by a tribe of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Searchers_%28film%29" title="The Searchers (film)">The Searchers</a></i> (1956), and a troubled rancher competing with an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a> lawyer for a woman's hand in marriage in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a></i> (1962).<br />
<br />
He is also remembered for his roles in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Bravo_%28film%29" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a></i> (1959), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Longest_Day_%28film%29" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a></i> (1962).<br />
<br />
In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a></i>
(1976).<br />
<br />
He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, and
his last public appearance was at the Academy Awards ceremony on
April 9, 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><span class="fn"></span>
<br />
<table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span class="fn">John Wayne</span></th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" title="Publicity photo of John Wayne"><img alt="Publicity photo of John Wayne" data-file-height="1600" data-file-width="1282" height="275" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div>
Wayne in 1952</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td><span class="nickname">Marion Robert Morrison</span><br />
May 26, 1907<br />
<span class="birthplace"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, U.S.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>June 11, 1979 (aged 72)<br />
<span class="deathplace"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Resting place</th>
<td class="label">Pacific View Memorial Park<br />
<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="wmamapbutton noprint" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;" title="Show location on an interactive map" /><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=John_Wayne&params=33.60953_N_-117.85336_E_type:landmark" style="white-space: normal;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.60953°N 117.85336°W</span></span></a></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Other names</th>
<td class="nickname">
<div class="plainlist">
<ul>
<li>Marion Mitchell Morrison</li>
<li>Marion Michael Morrison</li>
<li>Duke</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Occupation</th>
<td class="role">Actor, director, producer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Years active</th>
<td>1926–1976</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Political party</th>
<td class="org"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Religion</th>
<td class="category"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a><br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> (shortly before death)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th>
<td>
<div class="plainlist">
<ul>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Alicia_Saenz" title="Josephine Alicia Saenz">Josephine Alicia Saenz</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1933; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1945)</span></span></li>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1946; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1954)</span></span></li>
<li><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Wayne"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> <span style="font-size: 95%;">(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; his death 1979)</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Children</th>
<td>7 (including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">Ethan</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Website</th>
<td><span class="url"><a class="external text" href="http://www.johnwayne.com/" rel="nofollow">www<wbr></wbr>.johnwayne<wbr></wbr>.com</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Signature</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_signature.svg" title="John Wayne's signature"><img alt="John Wayne's signature" data-file-height="204" data-file-width="585" height="52" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/John_Wayne_signature.svg/150px-John_Wayne_signature.svg.png" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907 at 224 South Second Street in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The local paper, <i>Winterset Madisonian</i>,
reported on page 4 of the May 30, 1907 edition that Wayne weighed 13
pounds at birth.<br />
<br />
His middle name was soon changed from Robert to
Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:8–9</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937), was the son of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915).<br />
<br />
Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Nebraska" title="Lancaster County, Nebraska">Lancaster County, Nebraska</a>.<br />
<br />
Wayne's ancestry included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scots-Irish</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> He was brought up as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's family moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmdale,_California" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale, California</a>, and then in 1916 to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>,
where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station
on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke"
because he never went anywhere without his huge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airedale_Terrier" title="Airedale Terrier">Airedale Terrier</a>, Duke.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:37</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Munn_16-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Munn-16">[16]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck.<br />
<br />
Wayne attended
Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice cream
shop for a man who <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe" title="Horseshoe">shod</a> horses for Hollywood studios.<br />
<br />
He was also active as a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_DeMolay" title="Order of DeMolay">Order of DeMolay</a>, a youth organization of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasons" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>.<br />
<br />
He played football for the 1924 league champion <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale_High_School_%28Glendale,_California%29" title="Glendale High School (Glendale, California)">Glendale High School</a> team.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-glendale_17-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-glendale-17">[17]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne applied to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" title="U.S. Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a>, but he was not accepted.<br />
<br />
He instead attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (USC), majoring in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-law" title="Pre-law">pre-law</a>.<br />
He was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Knights" title="Trojan Knights">Trojan Knights</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a> fraternities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davis_18-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-davis-18">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:30</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne also played on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USC_Trojans_football" title="USC Trojans football">USC football team</a> under coach <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Jones_%28American_football_coach%29" title="Howard Jones (American football coach)">Howard Jones</a>.
A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later
noted he was too terrified of Jones's reaction to reveal the actual
cause of his injury, a bodysurfing accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-travers_19-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-travers-19">[19]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><br />
<br />
As a favor to USC football coach Howard Jones, who had given silent western film star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> tickets to USC games, director John Ford and Mix hired Wayne as a prop boy and extra.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hughes_22-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-hughes-22">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a>, who was good friends with Tom Mix.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hughes_22-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-hughes-22">[22]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne soon moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">bit parts</a>,
establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most
of those roles, John Ford.<br />
<br />
Early in this period, he had a minor,
uncredited role as a guard in the 1926 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardelys_the_Magnificent" title="Bardelys the Magnificent">Bardelys the Magnificent</a></i>.<br />
<br />
Wayne also appeared with his USC teammates playing football in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_of_Harvard_%281926_film%29" title="Brown of Harvard (1926 film)">Brown of Harvard</a></i> (1926), <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dropkick" title="The Dropkick">The Dropkick</a></i> (1927), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute_%281929_film%29" title="Salute (1929 film)">Salute</a></i> (1929) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia's</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_of_Men" title="Maker of Men">Maker of Men</a></i> (filmed in 1930, released in 1931).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-24">[24]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-0"> </sup><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2616" data-file-width="3904" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
The house in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, in which Wayne was born in 1907<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career_and_breakthrough">Early career and breakthrough</span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career_and_breakthrough"> </span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="384" data-file-width="512" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png/220px-John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
John Wayne as "Singin' Sandy" Saunders in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a></i> (1933)</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="920" data-file-width="1200" height="169" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg/220px-Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Hunt_%28actress%29" title="Marsha Hunt (actress)">Marsha Hunt</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_the_West" title="Born to the West">Born to the West</a></i> (1937)</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="PopUpMediaTransform" id="mwe_player_0" style="width: 220px;">
<img alt="File:Angel and the Badman 1947 John Wayne.ogv" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/220px--Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.jpg" style="height: 124px; width: 220px;" /><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
(video) The manner and voice of Wayne (right) showcased in a short clip from the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a></i> (1947)</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="697" data-file-width="874" height="175" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg/220px-Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Rogers" title="Jean Rogers">Jean Rogers</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_%281936_film%29" title="Conflict (1936 film)">Conflict</a></i> (1936)</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
While working for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> in bit roles, Wayne was given on-screen credit as "Duke Morrison" only once, in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_and_Music_%281929_film%29" title="Words and Music (1929 film)">Words and Music</a></i>
(1929).<br />
<br />
In 1930, director Raoul Walsh saw him moving studio furniture
while working as a prop boy and cast him in his first starring role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a></i> (1930).<br />
<br />
For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> general <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Mad%22_Anthony_Wayne" title=""Mad" Anthony Wayne">"Mad" Anthony Wayne</a>.<br />
<br />
Fox Studios chief <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Sheehan" title="Winfield Sheehan">Winfield Sheehan</a>
rejected it as sounding "too Italian". Walsh then suggested "John
Wayne". Sheehan agreed, and the name was set.<br />
<br />
Wayne was not even present
for the discussion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:84</sup> His pay was raised to $105 a week (worth $1,487 today).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
<i>The Big Trail</i> was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle
of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost of over $2 million,
using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_southwest" title="American southwest">American southwest</a>,
still largely unpopulated at the time.<br />
<br />
To take advantage of the
breathtaking scenery, it was filmed in two versions, a standard 35-mm
version and another in the new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70_mm_Grandeur_film" title="70 mm Grandeur film">70 mm Grandeur film</a>
process, using an innovative camera and lenses.<br />
<br />
Many in the audience
who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered. However, only a handful of
theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and
the effort was largely wasted. Despite being highly regarded by modern
critics, the film was considered a huge box office flop at the time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Clooney195_25-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Clooney195-25">[25]</a></sup><br />
<br />
After the commercial failure of <i>The Big Trail</i>, Wayne was relegated to small roles in A-pictures, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>'s '<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Deceiver_%28film%29" title="The Deceiver (film)">The Deceiver</a></i> (1931), in which he played a corpse.<br />
<br />
He appeared in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">serial</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_%281933_serial%29" title="The Three Musketeers (1933 serial)">The Three Musketeers</a></i> (1933), an updated version of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> novel in which the protagonists were soldiers in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> in then-contemporary North Africa.<br />
<br />
He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_Row" title="Poverty Row">Poverty Row</a>" Westerns, mostly at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a> and serials for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot_Pictures_Corporation" title="Mascot Pictures Corporation">Mascot Pictures Corporation</a>.<br />
<br />
By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_opera" title="Horse opera">horse operas</a> from 1930 to 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a></i> (1933), he became one of the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">singing cowboys</a> of film, albeit via dubbing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-peterson1997_27-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-peterson1997-27">[27]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne also appeared in some of the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mesquiteers" title="Three Mesquiteers">Three Mesquiteers</a></i> Westerns, whose title was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">play</a> on the Dumas classic.<br />
<br />
He was mentored by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">stuntmen</a> in riding and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_%28genre%29" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> skills.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_24-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-24">[24]</a></sup> Famed stuntman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> and he developed and perfected stunts and onscreen fisticuffs techniques still used today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's breakthrough role came with director John Ford's classic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach_%281939_film%29" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i> (1939).<br />
<br />
Because of Wayne's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-movie" title="B-movie">B-movie</a>
status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s,
Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget
film. After rejection by all the top studios, Ford struck a deal with
independent producer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> in which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Trevor" title="Claire Trevor">Claire Trevor</a>—a much bigger star at the time—received top billing. <i> </i><br />
<br />
<i>Stagecoach</i>
was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a
mainstream star. Cast member Louise Platt credits Ford as saying at the
time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal
as the archetypal "everyman".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Louise_Platt_letter_29-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Louise_Platt_letter-29">[29]</a></sup><br />
<br />
America's entry into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>
resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of
society, and Hollywood was no exception.<br />
<br />
Wayne was exempted from service
due to his age (34 at the time of Pearl Harbor) and family status,
classified as 3-A (family deferment). He repeatedly wrote to John Ford
saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could
get into Ford's military unit, but consistently kept postponing it until
after "he finished just one or two pictures".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:212</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Studios</a> was emphatically resistant to losing him. <br />
<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_J._Yates" title="Herbert J. Yates">Herbert J. Yates</a>, President of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:220</sup> and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:213</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:253</sup> with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USO" title="USO">USO</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military was the most painful part of his life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:212</sup><br />
<br />
His widow later suggested that his patriotism in later decades sprang
from guilt, writing: "He would become a 'superpatriot' for the rest of
his life trying to atone for staying home."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><br />
<br />
U.S. National Archives records indicate that Wayne had, in fact, made an application <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> to serve in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS), that day's equivalent of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>, and had been accepted within the U.S. Army's allotted billet to the OSS.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>,
OSS Commander, wrote Wayne a letter informing him of his acceptance in
to the Field Photographic Unit, but the letter went to his estranged
wife Josephine's home. She never told him about it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Donovan also issued an OSS Certificate of Service to Wayne.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_success">Commercial success</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 183px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="234" data-file-width="181" height="234" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg" width="181" /></a>
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<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a></i> (1948)</div>
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</div>
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</div>
Wayne's first color film was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_the_Hills_%28film%29" title="The Shepherd of the Hills (film)">Shepherd of the Hills</a></i> (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Carey_%28actor_born_1878%29" title="Harry Carey (actor born 1878)">Harry Carey</a>.<br />
<br />
The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> epic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reap_the_Wild_Wind" title="Reap the Wild Wind">Reap the Wild Wind</a></i> (1942), in which he co-starred with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a>;
it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable
values.<br />
<br />
He would appear in more than 20 of John Ford's films throughout
the next two decades, including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Wore_a_Yellow_Ribbon" title="She Wore a Yellow Ribbon">She Wore a Yellow Ribbon</a></i> (1949), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Searchers_%28film%29" title="The Searchers (film)">The Searchers</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a></i> (1957), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a></i> (1962) with James Stewart: the first movie in which he called someone "Pilgrim".<br />
<br />
In 1949, director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> offered the starring role of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_%281949_film%29" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a></i> to Wayne. Wayne refused, believing the script to be un-American in many ways.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup> <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a>, who eventually got the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a>.</i><br />
<br />
He lost the leading role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighter" title="The Gunfighter">The Gunfighter</a></i> (1950) to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> due to his refusal to work for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> because its chief, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a>,
had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player.<br />
<br />
Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep,
and Cohn sold the script to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Fox" title="Twentieth Century Fox">Twentieth Century Fox</a>, which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted but for which he refused to bend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="503" data-file-width="611" height="198" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg/240px-John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg" width="240" /></a>
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</div>
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With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Blondell" title="Joan Blondell">Joan Blondell</a> in <i>Lady for a Night</i> (1942)</div>
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</div>
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One of Wayne's most popular roles was in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_High_and_the_Mighty_%28film%29" title="The High and the Mighty (film)">The High and the Mighty</a></i> (1954), directed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wellman" title="William Wellman">William Wellman</a>, and based on a novel by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_K._Gann" title="Ernest K. Gann">Ernest K. Gann</a>. His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim.<br />
<br />
Wayne also portrayed aviators in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Tigers_%28film%29" title="Flying Tigers (film)">Flying Tigers</a> (1942),</i> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Leathernecks" title="Flying Leathernecks">Flying Leathernecks</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_in_the_Sky_%281953_film%29" title="Island in the Sky (1953 film)">Island in the Sky</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a></i> (1957), and <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Pilot_%281957_film%29" title="Jet Pilot (1957 film)">Jet Pilot</a></i> (1957).<br />
<br />
<i>The Searchers</i> (1956) continues to be widely regarded as arguably Wayne's finest and most complex performance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
In 2006, <i>Premiere</i>
magazine ran an industry poll in which Wayne's portrayal of Ethan
Edwards was rated the 87th-greatest performance in film history.<br />
<br />
He
named his youngest son Ethan after the character.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Later_career">Later career</span></h3>
John Wayne won a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Grit_%281969_film%29" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a></i> (1969).<br />
<br />
This came 17 years after his only other nomination. Wayne was also nominated as the producer of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alamo_%281960_film%29" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a></i> (1960), one of two films he directed.<br />
<br />
The other was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Berets_%28film%29" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a></i> (1968), the only major film made during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> to support the war.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During the filming of <i>The Green Berets</i>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degar" title="Degar">Degar</a>
or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters
against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in
the film and all subsequent films.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne took on the role of gritty detective <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McQ" title="McQ">McQ</a></i> in the 1974 crime drama.<br />
<br />
His last film was <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a></i>
(1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer—the
illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later.<br />
<br />
According to
the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>, Wayne played the lead in 142 of his film appearances.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batjac_Productions" title="Batjac Productions">Batjac</a>, the production company cofounded by Wayne, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a></i> (1948), a film based on the novel by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland_Roark" title="Garland Roark">Garland Roark</a>.<br />
<br />
(A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm
through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars.<br />
<br />
Its
best-known non-Wayne production was <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Men_From_Now" title="Seven Men From Now">Seven Men From Now</a></i> (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd_Boetticher" title="Budd Boetticher">Budd Boetticher</a> and star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a>.<br />
<br />
In the <i>Motion Picture Herald</i> Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He appeared in the similar <i>Box Office</i> poll in 1939 and 1940.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><br />
<br />
While these two polls are really an indication only of the popularity
of series stars, Wayne also appeared in the Top Ten Money Makers Poll of
all films from 1949 to 1957 and 1958 to 1974, taking first place in
1950, 1951, 1954, and 1971.<br />
<br />
With a total of 25 years on the list, Wayne
has more appearances than any other star, beating Clint Eastwood (21)
into second place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="360" data-file-width="480" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg/220px-John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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Wayne in <i>The Challenge of Ideas</i> (1961)</div>
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In later years, Wayne was recognized as a sort of American natural
resource, and his various critics, of his performances and his politics,
viewed him with more respect.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a>,
the radical of the 1960s, paid tribute to Wayne's singularity, saying,
"I like Wayne's wholeness, his style. As for his politics, well—I
suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that
were trying to gobble them up."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Reviewing <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cowboys" title="The Cowboys">The Cowboys</a></i> (1972), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>,
who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of
course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect
father figure."<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
Wayne was married three times and divorced twice.<br />
<br />
He was fluent in Spanish and his three wives, each of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> descent, were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Wayne" title="Josephine Wayne">Josephine Alicia Saenz</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a>.<br />
<br />
He had four children with Josephine: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael Wayne</a> (November 23, 1934 – April 2, 2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (February 25, 1936 – December 6, 2000), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick Wayne</a>
(born July 15, 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz (born December 3, 1940).<br />
<br />
He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born March 31,
1956), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">John Ethan Wayne</a> (born February 22, 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born February 22, 1966).<br />
<br />
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1643" data-file-width="1252" height="289" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg/220px-JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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</div>
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Wayne with third wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a> in 1971</div>
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</div>
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Several of Wayne's children entered the film and television industry;
Wayne's son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and
played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam-12_%281990_TV_series%29" title="Adam-12 (1990 TV series)">Adam-12</a></i> television series.<br />
<br />
His stormiest divorce was from Esperanza Baur, a former Mexican actress.<br />
<br />
She believed that Wayne and co-star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Russell" title="Gail Russell">Gail Russell</a> were having an affair, a claim which both Wayne and Russell denied.<br />
<br />
The night the film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a></i>
(1947) wrapped, there was the usual party for cast and crew, and Wayne
came home very late. Esperanza was in a drunken rage by the time he
arrived, and she attempted to shoot him as he walked through the front
door.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> that lasted for three years and one with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Oberon" title="Merle Oberon">Merle Oberon</a> that lasted from 1938 to 1947.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-14"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:195–197</sup><br />
<br />
After his separation from his wife, Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became
romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy
(1941–1995) until his death in 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwayne.com_20-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwayne.com-20">[20]</a></sup><br />
<br />
She published a biography of her life with him in 1983, titled <i>Duke: A Love Story</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's hair began thinning in the 1940s, and he started wearing a hairpiece by the end of that decade.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (notably, according to <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_%28magazine%29" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>'s funeral).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During a widely noted appearance at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>,
Wayne was asked by a student "Is it true that your toupée is real
mohair?" He responded: "Well sir, that's real hair. Not mine, but real
hair."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><br />
<br />
A close friend of Wayne's, California Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonzo_E._Bell,_Jr." title="Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr.">Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr.</a>,
wrote of him, "Duke's personality and sense of humor were very close to
what the general public saw on the big screen.<br />
<br />
It is perhaps best shown
in these words he had engraved on a plaque: 'Each of us is a mixture of
some good and some not so good qualities. In considering one's fellow
man it's important to remember the good things ... We should refrain
from making judgments just because a fella happens to be a dirty, rotten
SOB.'"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne biographer Michael Munn chronicled Wayne's drinking habits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Munn_16-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Munn-16">[16]</a></sup><br />
<br />
According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_O%27Steen" title="Sam O'Steen">Sam O'Steen</a>'s memoir, <i>Cut to the Chase</i>, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon he "was a mean drunk".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was
diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964.<br />
<br />
He underwent successful surgery to
remove his entire left lung<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cr_47-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-cr-47">[47]</a></sup>
and four ribs. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent
him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him
work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get
preventive examinations.<br />
<br />
Five years later, Wayne was declared
cancer-free. Wayne has been credited with coining the term "The Big C"
as a euphemism for cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's height has been perennially described as at least 6 ft 4 in (193 cm).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-15"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:47,54</sup><br />
<br />
He was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>, a Master Mason in Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56 F&AM, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>.<br />
<br />
He became a 32nd Degree Scottish Rite Mason and later joined the Al
Malaikah Shrine Temple in Los Angeles.<br />
<br />
He became a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><br />
<br />
During the early 1960s, John Wayne traveled extensively to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, during which he purchased the island of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taborcillo" title="Taborcillo">Taborcillo</a>
off the main coast.<br />
<br />
It was sold by his estate at his death and changed
hands many times before being opened as a tourist attraction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
Wayne's yacht, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_YMS-328" title="USS YMS-328"><i>Wild Goose</i></a>, was one of his favorite possessions.<br />
<br />
He kept it docked in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Harbor</a> and it was listed on the U.S. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
Wayne was a prominent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in Hollywood, supporting <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communist" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> positions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Throughout most of his life, Wayne was a vocally prominent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>.<br />
<br />
Initially a self-described <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist" title="Socialist">socialist</a> during his college years, he voted for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1936" title="United States presidential election, 1936">1936 presidential election</a> and expressed admiration for Roosevelt's successor, fellow Democratic President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He took part in creating the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Alliance_for_the_Preservation_of_American_Ideals" title="Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals">Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals</a> in February 1944, and was elected president of that organization in 1949.<br />
<br />
An ardent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> and vocal supporter of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>, in 1952 he made <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Jim_McLain" title="Big Jim McLain">Big Jim McLain</a></i>
to show his support for the anti-communist cause.<br />
<br />
Recently declassified
Soviet documents reveal that, despite being a fan of Wayne's movies,
Soviet leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> contemplated Wayne's assassination as a result of his frequently espoused anti-communist politics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
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Wayne meets with President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Clemente,_California" title="San Clemente, California">San Clemente, California</a>, July 1972</div>
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Wayne supported Vice President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1960" title="United States presidential election, 1960">presidential election of 1960</a>, but expressed his vision of patriotism when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> won the election: "I didn't vote for him but he's my president, and I hope he does a good job."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He used his iconic star power to support conservative causes, including rallying support for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> by producing, codirecting, and starring in the critically panned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Berets_%28film%29" title="The Green Berets (film)"><i>The Green Berets</i></a> in 1968.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br />
<br />
Due to his enormous popularity and his status as the most famous Republican star in Hollywood, wealthy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> Republican Party backers asked Wayne to run for national office in 1968, as had his friend and fellow actor Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>.<br />
<br />
He declined, joking that he did not believe the public would seriously consider an actor in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Instead, he supported his friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s runs for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> in 1966 and 1970.<br />
<br />
He was asked to be the running mate for Democratic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a> in 1968, but he rejected the offer<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated265_10-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-autogenerated265-10">[10]</a></sup> and actively campaigned for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> Wayne addressed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> on its opening day in August 1968.<br />
<br />
For a while, he was also a member of the anti-communist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne openly differed with the Republican Party over the issue of the Panama Canal, as he supported the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Panama Canal Treaty</a> in the mid-1970s;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup>
conservatives had wanted the U.S. to retain full control of the canal,
but Wayne believed that the Panamanians had the right to the canal and
sided with President Jimmy Carter and the Democrats.<br />
<br />
Wayne was a close
friend of the late Panamanian leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Torrijos" title="Omar Torrijos">Omar Torrijos Herrera</a>,
and Wayne's first wife, Josephine, was a native of Panama.<br />
<br />
His support
of the treaty brought him hate mail for the first time in his life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_portrait.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="405" data-file-width="306" height="291" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Wayne_portrait.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_portrait.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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in <i>Rio Bravo</i>, 1959</div>
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In May 1971, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i>
magazine published an interview with Wayne which resulted in a
firestorm of controversy.<br />
<br />
Wayne expressed his support for the Vietnam
War,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-16"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:580</sup> and made headlines for his resolute opinions about social issues and race relations in the United States:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
I believe in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>,
until the blacks are educated to a point of responsibility. I don't
believe giving authority and positions of leadership and judgment to
irresponsible people ... I don't feel we did wrong in taking this great
country away from [the Native Americans] ... Our so-called stealing of
this country from them was just a matter of survival. There were great
numbers of people who needed new land, and the Indians were selfishly
trying to keep it for themselves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davis_18-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-davis-18">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:289</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><br />
</blockquote>
In the same <i>Playboy</i> interview, Wayne also responded to questions about whether <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">social programs</a> were good for the country:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
I know all about that. In the late Twenties, when I was a sophomore
at USC, I was a socialist myself—but not when I left. The average
college kid idealistically wishes everybody could have ice cream and
cake for every meal. But as he gets older and gives more thought to his
and his fellow man's responsibilities, he finds that it can't work out
that way—that some people just won't carry their load ... I believe in
welfare—a welfare work program. I don't think a fella should be able to
sit on his backside and receive welfare. I'd like to know why
well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people
who think the world owes them a living. I'd like to know why they make
excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of the police and then run
behind the judicial sob sisters. I can't understand these people who
carry placards to save the life of some criminal, yet have no thought
for the innocent victim.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertsOlson1995_4-17"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-RobertsOlson1995-4">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space: nowrap;">:580</sup><br />
</blockquote>
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h3>
Although he enrolled in a cancer vaccine study in an attempt to ward off the disease,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cr_47-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-cr-47">[47]</a></sup> Wayne died of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a> at the age of 72 on June 11, 1979, at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">UCLA Medical Center</a>, and was interred in the Pacific View Memorial Park cemetery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_del_Mar,_Newport_Beach" title="Corona del Mar, Newport Beach">Corona del Mar, Newport Beach</a>.<br />
<br />
According to his son Patrick and his grandson Matthew Muñoz, a priest in the California <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Orange" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange">Diocese of Orange</a>, he converted to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> shortly before his death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He requested that his tombstone read "Feo, Fuerte y Formal", a Spanish
epitaph Wayne described as meaning "ugly, strong, and dignified".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The grave, which went unmarked for 20 years, is now marked with a quotation from his controversial 1971 <i>Playboy</i>
interview: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us
at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself
in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Among the cast and crew who filmed the 1956 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conqueror_%28film%29" title="The Conqueror (film)">The Conqueror</a></i> on location near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George,_Utah" title="St. George, Utah">St. George, Utah</a>, 91 developed some form of cancer at various times, including stars Wayne, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Moorehead" title="Agnes Moorehead">Agnes Moorehead</a>, and director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a>.<br />
<br />
The film was shot in southwestern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, east of and generally <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwinders" title="Downwinders">downwind</a> from the site of recent U.S. Government <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> tests in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">southeastern Nevada</a>.<br />
<br />
Many contend that radioactive fallout from these tests contaminated the
film location and poisoned the film crew working there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Despite the suggestion that Wayne's 1964 lung cancer and his 1979
stomach cancer resulted from nuclear contamination, he believed his lung
cancer to have been a result of his six-packs-a-day cigarette habit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Awards.2C_celebrations.2C_and_landmarks">Awards, celebrations, and landmarks</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="537" data-file-width="711" height="196" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG/260px-John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG" width="260" /></a>
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Wayne in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comancheros_%28film%29" title="The Comancheros (film)">The Comancheros</a></i> (1961)</div>
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Wayne's enduring status as an iconic American was formally recognized
by the U.S. government in the form of the two highest civilian
decorations.<br />
<br />
On May 26, 1979, he was awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>.<br />
<br />
Hollywood figures and American leaders from across the political spectrum, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Frankovich" title="Mike Frankovich">Mike Frankovich</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, General and Mrs. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stack" title="Robert Stack">Robert Stack</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Arness" title="James Arness">James Arness</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>, testified to Congress in support of the award. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Robert Aldrich</a>, president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>, made a particularly notable statement:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
It is important for you to know that I am a registered Democrat and,
to my knowledge, share none of the political views espoused by Duke.
However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond
the normal political sharpshooting in this community. Because of his
courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an
actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout
his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts
and minds. In this industry, we often judge people, sometimes unfairly,
by asking whether they have paid their dues. John Wayne has paid his
dues over and over, and I'm proud to consider him a friend and am very
much in favor of my government recognizing in some important fashion the
contribution that Mr. Wayne has made.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rutherford_70-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-rutherford-70">[70]</a></sup><br />
</blockquote>
Wayne was posthumously awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> on June 9, 1980, by President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>.<br />
<br />
He had attended Carter's inaugural ball "as a member of the loyal
opposition", as he described it.<br />
<br />
In 1998, he was awarded the Naval
Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the
Navy and military during his film career.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> (AFI) named Wayne 13th among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">Greatest Male Screen Legends</a> of Classic Hollywood cinema.<br />
<br />
Various public locations are named in honor of Wayne, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>, where a nine-foot bronze statue of him stands at the entrance; the John Wayne Marina<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> for which Wayne bequeathed the land, near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequim,_Washington" title="Sequim, Washington">Sequim, Washington</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne_Elementary_School" title="John Wayne Elementary School">John Wayne Elementary School</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.S._380" title="P.S. 380">P.S. 380</a>) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, which boasts a 38-foot <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> mural commission by New York artist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knox_Martin" title="Knox Martin">Knox Martin</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> entitled "John Wayne and the American Frontier";<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> and a 100-plus-mile trail named the "John Wayne Pioneer Trail" in Washington's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Horse_State_Park" title="Iron Horse State Park">Iron Horse State Park</a>.<br />
<br />
A larger than life-size bronze statue of Wayne atop a horse was erected
at the corner of La Cienega Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>,
at the former offices of the Great Western Savings and Loan
Corporation, for which Wayne had made a number of commercials.<br />
<br />
In the
city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maricopa,_Arizona" title="Maricopa, Arizona">Maricopa, Arizona</a>, part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_347" title="Arizona State Route 347">Arizona State Route 347</a> is named John Wayne Parkway, which runs through the center of town.<br />
<br />
In 2006, friends of Wayne and his former Arizona business partner,
Louis Johnson, inaugurated the "Louie and the Duke Classics" events
benefiting the John Wayne Cancer Foundation<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10_75-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-75">[75]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The weekend-long event each fall in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Grande,_Arizona" title="Casa Grande, Arizona">Casa Grande, Arizona</a>, includes a golf tournament, an auction of John Wayne memorabilia, and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">team roping</a> competition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10_75-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-75">[75]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of
Wayne's birth.<br />
<br />
A celebration at the John Wayne birthplace in Winterset,
Iowa, included chuck-wagon suppers, concerts by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Martin_Murphey" title="Michael Martin Murphey">Michael Martin Murphey</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_%28band%29" title="Riders in the Sky (band)">Riders in the Sky</a>,
a Wild West Revue in the style of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, and a
Cowboy Symposium with Wayne's costars, producers, and costumers.<br />
<br />
Wayne's
films ran repetitively at the local theater.<br />
Ground was broken for the
New John Wayne Birthplace Museum and Learning Center at a ceremony
consisting of over 30 of Wayne's family members, including Melinda Wayne
Muñoz, Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa Wayne.<br />
<br />
Later that year, California
Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> and First Lady <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> inducted Wayne into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame" title="California Hall of Fame">California Hall of Fame</a>, located at <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Museum_for_History,_Women_and_the_Arts" title="The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts">The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup><br />
<br />
In 2016 Republican assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Harper" title="Matthew Harper">Matthew Harper</a> proposed marking May 26 as "John Wayne Day" in California.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JohnWayneday_78-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JohnWayneday-78">[78]</a></sup><br />
<br />
This resolution was struck down by a vote of 35 to 20, due to Wayne's
views on race and his support of controversial organizations such as the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JohnWayneday_78-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-JohnWayneday-78">[78]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_image_as_an_American_icon">Cultural image as an American icon</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="940" data-file-width="762" height="271" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG/220px-Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
With <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_Lucy" title="I Love Lucy">I Love Lucy</a></i>, 1955</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
Wayne rose beyond the typical recognition for a famous actor to that
of an enduring icon who symbolized and communicated American values and
ideals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By the middle of his career, Wayne had developed a larger-than-life
image, and as his career progressed, he selected roles that would not
compromise his off-screen image.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><br />
<br />
At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> about the latter's decision to play the role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> in the film <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lust_for_Life_%28film%29" title="Lust for Life (film)"><i>Lust for Life</i></a>,
saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that?<br />
<br />
There's so
goddamn few of us left. We got to play strong, tough characters. Not
these weak queers."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup><br />
<br />
By the time of his last film <i>The Shootist</i> (1976), Wayne refused to allow his character to shoot a man in the back as was originally scripted,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> demanding "I've made over 250 pictures and have never shot a guy in the back. Change it."<br />
<br />
Wayne's rise to being the quintessential movie war hero began to take shape four years after World War II, when <i>Sands of Iwo Jima</i> (1949) was released.<br />
<br />
His footprints at Grauman's Chinese theater in Hollywood were laid in concrete that contained sand from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His status grew so large and legendary that when Japanese <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohito" title="Emperor Hirohito">Emperor Hirohito</a> visited the United States in 1975, he asked to meet John Wayne, the symbolic representation of his country's former enemy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Wayne is the only actor to appear in every edition of the annual <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Poll" title="Harris Poll">Harris Poll</a>
of Most Popular Film Actors, and the only actor to appear on the list
after his death.<br />
<br />
Wayne has been in the top ten in this poll for 19
consecutive years, starting in 1994, 15 years after his death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation">John Wayne Cancer Foundation</span></h3>
The
John Wayne Cancer Foundation was founded in 1985 in honor of John
Wayne, after his family granted the use of his name for the continued
fight against cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The foundation's mission is to "bring courage, strength and grit to the fight against cancer".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The foundation provides funds for innovative programs that improve
cancer patient care, including research, education, awareness, and
support.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jwcf_87-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-jwcf-87">[87]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_problems_with_Duke_University">Legal problems with Duke University</span></h3>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="350" data-file-width="713" height="108" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
In <i>The Longest Day</i>, 1962</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>-based John Wayne Enterprises sells products such as Kentucky straight <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">bourbon</a> using Wayne's picture.<br />
<br />
When the company tried to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> the image appearing on one of the bottles, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>,
filed a notice of opposition. According to court documents, Duke has
tried three times since 2005 to stop the company from trademarking the
name.<br />
<br />
The company wants a federal judge in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>,
to declare that both brands can be allowed.<br />
<br />
The company's complaint
filed in federal court says the university "does not own the word 'Duke'
in all contexts for all purposes."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The university's official position is not to object if Wayne's image is
used, but if the company wants to use the Duke name without Wayne, the
university says, "we are also committed to protecting the integrity of
Duke University's trademarks."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Richard Howell, an attorney for John Wayne Enterprises, said the
company supports a co-use agreement, though he believed the name "Duke"
would be more likely associated with Wayne than with the university.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Times_88-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-Times-88">[88]</a></sup><br />
<br />
On September 30, 2014, federal judge David Carter dismissed the suit
against Duke University, saying the jurisdiction was incorrect.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8">Source: Wikipedia.org </sup><br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"> </sup><span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation">Somebody Come and Play in Traffic with Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-10734551407160374692016-09-07T05:47:00.000-07:002016-09-07T05:47:01.157-07:00Johnny Horton~ "Young Abe Lincoln Make A Tall, Tall Man"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>John LaGale "Johnny" Horton</b> (April 30, 1925 – November 5, 1960) was an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer">singer</a>.<br />
<br />
Rising to fame slowly over the course of the 1950s, Horton earned great
fame in 1959 performing historical ballads, beginning with the song "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans_%28song%29" title="Battle of New Orleans (song)">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" (written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a>), which was awarded the 1960 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_%26_Western_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording">Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording</a>.<br />
<br />
The song was awarded the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Grammy Hall of Fame Award">Grammy Hall of Fame Award</a> and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_the_Century" title="Songs of the Century">Songs of the Century</a>".<br />
<br />
His first hit, a number 1 song in 1959, was "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_It%27s_Springtime_in_Alaska_%28It%27s_Forty_Below%29" title="When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)">When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)</a>".<br />
During 1960, Horton had two other successes with "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink_the_Bismark_%28song%29" title="Sink the Bismark (song)">Sink the Bismarck</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska_%28song%29" title="North to Alaska (song)">North to Alaska</a>" for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>'s movie, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska" title="North to Alaska">North to Alaska</a></i>.<br />
<br />
Horton died in November 1960 at the peak of his fame in an automobile
accident, less than two years after his breakthrough.<br />
<br />
Horton is a member
of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rockabilly Hall of Fame">Rockabilly Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Music Hall of Fame">Louisiana Music Hall of Fame</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span class="fn">Johnny Horton</span></th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton.jpg"><img alt="Johnny Horton.jpg" data-file-height="292" data-file-width="200" height="292" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Johnny_Horton.jpg" width="200" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; text-align: center;">Background information</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th>
<td class="nickname">John LaGale Horton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th>
<td class="nickname">The Singing Fisherman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Born</th>
<td>April 30, 1925<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Died</th>
<td>November 5, 1960 (aged 35)<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano,_Texas" title="Milano, Texas">Milano, Texas</a>, U.S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genres</a></th>
<td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Occupation(s)</span></th>
<td class="role"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">Singer</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Instruments</th>
<td class="note"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th>
<td>1950–1960</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
Horton was born in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a>,
to John Loly Horton (1889–1959) and the former Ella Claudia Robinson
(1892–1966), the youngest of five siblings, and reared in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Texas" title="Cherokee County, Texas">Cherokee County</a> in east <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
His family often traveled to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to work as migrant fruit pickers. After graduation from high school in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallatin,_Texas" title="Gallatin, Texas">Gallatin</a>, Texas, in 1944, Horton attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Morris_College" title="Lon Morris College">Lon Morris Junior College</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Texas" title="Jacksonville, Texas">Jacksonville</a>, Texas, with a basketball scholarship.<br />
<br />
He later attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a> and briefly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylor_University" title="Baylor University">Baylor University</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a>, although he did not graduate from any of these institutions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton soon returned to California. where he got a job in the mail room at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selznick_International_Pictures" title="Selznick International Pictures">Selznick International Pictures</a>.<br />
<br />
His future wife, Donna Cook, was working at the studio as a secretary
at the time.<br />
<br />
After a short stint studying geology in Seattle in 1948,
Horton went to Alaska to look for gold.<br />
It was during this period that
he began writing songs. Returning south, he entered and won a talent
contest in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson, Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
Encouraged by this result, he returned to California to pursue a music career.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
His guest appearances on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffie_Stone" title="Cliffie Stone">Cliffie Stone</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hometown_Jamboree" title="Hometown Jamboree">Hometown Jamboree</a></i> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXLA" title="KXLA">KXLA</a>-TV in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a> and his own half-hour show <i>The Singing Fisherman</i>
led to the opportunity to record some songs on the Cormac record label.<br />
<br />
By the time the company folded in 1952, Horton recorded ten singles for
that label. Fabor Robison, owner of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Records" title="Abbott Records">Abbott Records</a>, acquired the masters.<br />
<br />
Around this time Horton married Donna Cook.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Louisiana_Hayride_and_early_career"><i>Louisiana Hayride</i> and early career</span></h2>
By this time Horton was appearing regularly on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Hayride" title="Louisiana Hayride">Louisiana Hayride</a></i>, so he and Donna moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>, where the show was recorded.<br />
<br />
He also signed a contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a>
and began recording. His first song for that label, "First Train
Headin' South" b/w "(I Wished for an Angel) The Devil Sent Me You"
(Mercury 6412), received good reviews.<br />
<br />
He and his new backup band, the
Rowley Trio, began touring under the name The Singing Fisherman and the
Rowley Trio in 1952, eventually changing the name to Johnny Horton and
the Roadrunners.<br />
<br />
The group included Horton as lead singer, Jerry Rowley
on fiddle, his wife Evelyn on piano, and his sister Vera (Dido) on
guitars.<br />
<br />
The constant touring was hard on Horton's marriage, and Donna
moved back to Los Angeles.<br />
They were soon divorced.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
On September 26, 1953, Horton married <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Jean_Jones" title="Billie Jean Jones">Billie Jean Jones</a>, widow of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, who had died January 1, 1953.<br />
<br />
Horton parted ways with the Rowley trio, but continued to appear occasionally on <i>Louisiana Hayride</i>.
His contract with Mercury expired in late 1954, with his recording of
"All for the Love of a Girl" (Mercury 70227) being his best seller, at
35,000 to 45,000 copies.<br />
<br />
Horton, always an avid fisherman, got a job in a
tackle shop and put his music career on hiatus. But by the following
year, his new manager and bassist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillman_Franks" title="Tillman Franks">Tillman Franks</a> had obtained Horton a one-year contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>.<br />
<br />
They traveled to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a> in a borrowed car for their first recording session. Influenced by the work of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, Horton began adopting a more <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> style.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id=".22Honky-Tonk_Man.22_and_later_career">"Honky-Tonk Man" and later career</span></h2>
"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-Tonk_Man" title="Honky-Tonk Man">Honky-Tonk Man</a>"
was recorded on 11 January 1956 at the Bradley Barn Studio in
Nashville, one of four songs Horton recorded that day.<br />
<br />
Session musicians
on the recording were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grady_Martin" title="Grady Martin">Grady Martin</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bradley" title="Harold Bradley">Harold Bradley</a>, as well as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Black" title="Bill Black">Bill Black</a>
(at the time Presley’s bassist).<br />
<br />
Soon afterwards "Honky-Tonk Man" was
released as a single (Columbia label: 4-21504) paired with another song
from the same session, "I'm Ready if You're Willing".<br />
<br />
They went out on
tour, with the band featuring Franks on bass and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Tomlinson" title="Tommy Tomlinson">Tommy Tomlinson</a> on guitar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
"Honky-Tonk Man" was reviewed by the March 10 issue of <i>Billboard</i>,
which said of "Honky Tonk Man", "The wine women and song attractions
exert a powerful hold on the singer, he admits. The funky sound and
pounding beat in the backing suggest the kind of atmosphere he
describes. A very good jukebox record."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Their review of "I'm Ready if You're Willing" was also positive:
"Horton sings out this cheerful material with amiable personality.<br />
<br />
This
ever more popular stylist ought to expand his circle of fans with this
one."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-7"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The song peaked at No. 9 on the C&W Jockey chart (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Songs</a>) and at No. 14 on the Best Seller chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton returned to the studio on May 23, but the "A" side of his next
single, "I'm a One Woman Man" (Columbia 21538), was one of the songs
recorded back in January. The "B" side was "I Don't Like I Did".<br />
<br />
<i>Billboard</i>
described "One Woman Man" as a "Smart and polished job," and Horton as
"singing with a light, airy touch. Guitar work is just as convincing,
adding up to listenable, commercial stuff".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-9"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
He and his band toured through the United States and Canada to promote
the record, which reached No. 7 on the Jockey chart and No. 9 on the
Best Seller and Jukebox charts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
"I'm Coming Home" / "I Got A Hole In My Pirogue" (Columbia 40813) was released around this time as well.<br />
<br />
On February 9, <i>Billboard</i>
noted that "not only Southern markets are doing good business with
this, but Northern cities report that both country and pop customers are
going for this in a big way".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-11"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
It was again a success on the country charts (No. 11 Jockey, No. 15
Best Seller) but it failed to score the popular music charts.<br />
<br />
Later major successes include the song "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans_%28song%29" title="Battle of New Orleans (song)">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" (written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a>), which was awarded the 1960 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_%26_Western_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording">Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording</a>.<br />
<br />
The song was awarded the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Grammy Hall of Fame Award">Grammy Hall of Fame Award</a> and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_the_Century" title="Songs of the Century">Songs of the Century</a>".<br />
<br />
Horton had two other successes in 1960 with "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink_the_Bismark_%28song%29" title="Sink the Bismark (song)">Sink the Bismarck</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska_%28song%29" title="North to Alaska (song)">North to Alaska</a>" for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>'s movie, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_to_Alaska" title="North to Alaska">North to Alaska</a></i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
When
Johnny Cash, a good friend of Horton's, learned about the accident he
said, "[I] locked myself in one of the hotel's barrooms and cried."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Cash dedicated his rendition of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_It%27s_Springtime_in_Alaska_%28It%27s_Forty_Below%29" title="When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)">When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)</a>" to Horton on his album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_File" title="Personal File">Personal File</a></i>: "Johnny Horton was a good old friend of mine."<br />
<br />
Horton was inducted into The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Music Hall of Fame">Louisiana Music Hall of Fame</a> and posthumously inducted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Music_Museum" title="Delta Music Museum">Delta Music Museum</a> Hall of Fame in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferriday,_Louisiana" title="Ferriday, Louisiana">Ferriday</a>, Louisiana.<br />
<br />
Some racist songs have sometimes been incorrectly associated with Horton. These songs are by a singer calling himself "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Rebel_%28singer%29" title="Johnny Rebel (singer)">Johnny Rebel</a>,"
who did not begin recording until after Horton's death.<br />
<br />
The mistake is
apparently because Horton recorded the historical song "Johnny Reb."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life"></span></h2>
Horton
was married twice. His first marriage, to Donna Cook, ended with a
divorce granted in Rusk, Texas.<br />
<br />
In September 1953, he married <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Jean_Jones" title="Billie Jean Jones">Billie Jean Jones</a>, the widow of country music singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>.
(She was Williams' second wife.)<br />
<br />
With Billie Jean, Horton had two
daughters, Yanina (Nina) and Melody. Billie Jean's daughter, Jeri Lynn,
was legally adopted by Johnny.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h2>
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="720" data-file-width="1280" height="124" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg/220px-Johnny_Horton_cemeter_bench_MVI_2635.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Johnny Horton bench at Hillcrest Cemetery in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haughton,_Louisiana" title="Haughton, Louisiana">Haughton, Louisiana</a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton,_LA_IMG_2639.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="720" data-file-width="1280" height="124" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton%2C_LA_IMG_2639.jpg/220px-Johnny_Horton_grave_in_Haughton%2C_LA_IMG_2639.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<div class="thumbcaption">
Horton's grave marker</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
</div>
</div>
</div>
On the night of November 4–5, 1960, Horton and two other band members
(Tommy Tomlinson and Tillman Franks) were travelling from Austin to
Shreveport when they collided with an oncoming truck on a bridge near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano,_Texas" title="Milano, Texas">Milano, Texas</a>.<br />
<br />
Horton died en route to hospital, and Tomlinson was seriously injured;
his leg later had to be amputated.<br />
<br />
Franks suffered head injuries, and
James Davis, the driver of the truck, had a broken ankle and other minor
injuries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-12"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
The funeral was held at Shreveport on November 8, 1960, officiated by
Tillman Franks' younger brother, William D. "Billy" Franks, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_God_%28Cleveland,_Tennessee%29" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God</a> minister. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> did one of the readings, choosing Chapter 20 from the Book of John.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mather_2004_1-13"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Horton#cite_note-Mather_2004-1">[1]</a></sup><br />
<br />
Horton is interred, with a cemetery bench in his honor, at the Hillcrest Memorial Park and Mausoleum in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haughton,_Louisiana" title="Haughton, Louisiana">Haughton</a>, east of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a> in northwestern Louisiana.<br />
<br />
<br />
Source: Wikipedia.org<br />
<br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_composition_and_lyrical_interpretation"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-89408624110546886092016-08-31T13:07:00.001-07:002016-08-31T13:07:12.621-07:00PW&OSfStSM Mission Statement<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">We here at <span style="font-weight: bold;">JMK’s
Babydog</span>, { JMK's Babydog Traffic Solutions Providers} and <span style="font-weight: bold;">PW&OSfStSM</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><br /><br />We
firmly believe in Fair Play and Family
Orientation. We believe the Whole World is one big
dysfunctional Family. We are seeking to bring her together and heal her
wounds, as well as enlighten as many of her children as we can.
We believe this can be done through the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Golden Rules of Christianity</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Love</span>. We are <span style="font-weight: bold;">Dreamers</span> and we are <span style="font-weight: bold;">Believers</span> of many things. For all things are possible
unto us through our Father GOD in Heaven.<br /><br />We seek to share the Knowledge we have gained and will try to gain better
and increasing knowledge as we grow. We will <span style="font-style: italic;">Share</span> what we gain where and whenever
possible, and as easily and as affordable as we can. We are starting with <span style="font-weight: bold;">Poetry Writes</span>
& <span style="font-weight: bold;">Other Stuff from Sinbad the Sailor Man</span>. This is our first real time learning
website and Its Beta test. And we have much to learn as we try to earn here on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">World Wide
Web</span>.<br /><br />Poetry Writes and Other Stuff is dedicated to furthering and encouraging <span style="font-style: italic;">Would
be Poets</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">Writers</span>,
to create and share their works with the world. For we
all have some thing to contribute. Father has given every last
one of us; a gift. If it is only a smile and we wish to share
these as well. By sharing our thoughts and dreams with these <span style="font-style: italic;">Poets</span> and <span style="font-style: italic;">Writers</span>. By providing a learning website which teaches them to seek and to find. As well as encourages them
by leading the way, by showing them how.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">PW&OSfStSM</span> is an actual attempt
from the <span style="font-style: italic;">Owner and CEO</span>
of our company. To create and maintain this Learning and Encouraging
Website. He does this mostly by example through the Site
Itself. The site is up and working and is in a state of constant
evaluations or change. The site currently has a total of four
Blogs, three Domains, or Web addresses, three pay Per Click
Publishers and a variety of passive and inter-active income
streams. Ad Space rentals, Adsense from Google, and Affiliations
along with Clickbank too.<br /><br />Our aim is to show and lead the way for these <span style="font-weight: bold;">Would
be Writers </span>and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Poets</span> as well as Song Writers and Producers of amateur films,
an Artist with their works of art to Just Do It. To get out and try to do it on the inter-net.<br /><br />We wish to inspire
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Do Bees</span>, those who are a little Old Schooled and those who wish to be a little New
Schooled. We are all a creation of God’s and we are <span style="font-weight: bold;">Wonderfully and Mysteriously</span>
made by Him and we wish to propagate that message. And promote <span style="font-weight: bold;">Peace and Good Will</span>
among the Children of this world. Our World the only one that
we currently have. We seek to Earn as we Learn and to Grow as
we Go. We are looking forward to the day that Some body will
come and Play with us. The day that we all will play well together
and cherish the time that we do have here with our Mother, our
World, our Earth, and our Home.<br /><br /><br />Thank you!
For taking the time to read our first Mission Statement statement ;o)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Donnie/
Sinbad the Sailor Man</span><br /> alias: <br />Donald Beres Jr our company's Founder/ Owner</span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">This
is a simple thing to do. And it will give your readers and
potential customers a bit more of your focus or your company's
focus. You create things like mission statement's to connect
with or to reveal a side of your self and/or company that
your visitor and customer wouldn't normally see. You should
give then, Honesty and track-able beliefs, morals, and/or
standards that you truly believe in.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">Remember
you are hoping to build a relationship
with your customers and readers. You are building up their
trust and your reputation. You/ Product and your Brand are the
first things a consumer ever connects with. Then maybe your
beliefs and or content. If they don't trust you, they wont
trust your content. And trust must be earn and maintained.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">Here
your Mission Statement, It sets the standards that you hold
yourselves too. And believe me people do read these things. I
never did, but I do now.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">TTFN</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">Cya Later Taters!</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;">Thanks for Stopping by.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: times new roman,times; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man</span></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-68526802734715727502016-08-27T14:40:00.000-07:002016-08-27T14:52:15.494-07:00"Destiny Ere-Played" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhik5hw2ZHjozg3tQ0hggGjlrYDeWwHL8ZOwJfAgAyHtgWqr01H0ki2yVSh_PzovosgBb8qvflcd3kioJYYanyVflb1_0rnzvS11V5EIT50rPqPShAzIy9QoZYugW_W_uzKmuxif4c7RjI/s1600/skullnbones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhik5hw2ZHjozg3tQ0hggGjlrYDeWwHL8ZOwJfAgAyHtgWqr01H0ki2yVSh_PzovosgBb8qvflcd3kioJYYanyVflb1_0rnzvS11V5EIT50rPqPShAzIy9QoZYugW_W_uzKmuxif4c7RjI/s1600/skullnbones.jpg" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
"Destiny Ere-Played"</div>
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<br /></div>
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If I were a Poet </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Would I even know It?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
I doubt It, don't you see?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
For I could not even barely read.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A Dyslexic child backwards born </div>
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Who wouldn't even fight to breathe.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Given to a widowed morning.</div>
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Lied to, to whom he was born</div>
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Trust and Faith now torn.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Angels even molted and wept.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
They tossed Salt all about my feet</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Tried to message me through their text.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Oh why, oh why, am I so Vexed?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
If I were the Poet how would I even know It? </div>
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Would I hear unspoken words be said?</div>
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<br /></div>
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Would They too Play and Dance within my head?</div>
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All Ghosts unholy "They" tried to mold me!</div>
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They make me bleed this ink sometimes red...</div>
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<br /></div>
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If I knew myself the poet</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
To be...</div>
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Could I save this world, truly?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Or from my past records held, would I doom her all to Hell?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
But why would I?</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Poets care not for Blood!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
They seek only the Puritans Love.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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If Poets knew truly one another</div>
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How boast free they would be!</div>
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Never bothering to correct</div>
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<br /></div>
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It is Just until always they must...</div>
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Interject! Their Opinions surplanted</div>
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Like onions they tear the eyes.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Poets like Onions peeled</div>
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Reveal nothing but... </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Just more of the same.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I must be Insane!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
To wish to write such dribble</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
for it sikens me to my very middle.</div>
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<br /></div>
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A flesh bag filled with vial </div>
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Bile Stuffed Organs Moaning</div>
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Am I Just a Bag for Holding Shit!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
If Thy Belly Button Popped Off!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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We'd all spill over the place.</div>
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Then be devoured by former Angels</div>
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Those fallen Sons, "They' may be the only ones.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Who whispered sweet poetry to me.</div>
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Torment me with your words you dirty birds!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
For every once in a while there spawns a child.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
So Innocent that Angelic Beings Weep</div>
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<br /></div>
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If Only I could pen what I hear </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
When the monsters sleep</div>
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Words like Iconic tear drops dancing </div>
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<br /></div>
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Spinning round and round</div>
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Upon </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
My Minds Ear</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
True blue Poetry spun from poetic Beings!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Never!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Shall I Hear...</div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
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<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
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CYA Later Taters! </div>
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Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-71970890089056397802016-08-11T14:24:00.001-07:002016-08-11T14:24:20.363-07:00God Bless America!!!<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-z5hD38Bs8Y" width="459"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-62346866851180774112016-04-07T17:57:00.000-07:002016-04-07T17:57:41.619-07:00Discover How Aaron Made His First $300 In 7 Days<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</h1>
<h1 id="highlight">
</h1>
<h1 id="highlight">
Discover How Aaron Made His First $300 In 7 Days</h1>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-55835752299710573502016-02-13T20:06:00.001-08:002016-03-27T18:30:09.530-07:00The Hyphen - By John Wayne<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_fuzLTrwVbc" width="459"></iframe></div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: None; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
The lyrics:</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
The Hyphen, Webster's Dictionary defines, is a symbol used to divide a compound word or a single word.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
So it seems to me that when a man calls himself an "Afro-American," a "Mexican-American," "Italian-American," an "Irish-American," "Jewish-American,"<br />
What he's saying is, "I'm a divided American."</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
Well, we all came from other places, different creeds, different races,<br />
To form a nation...to become as one.<br />
Yet look at the harm a line has done</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
A simple little line, and yet…as divisive as a line can get.<br />
A crooked cross the Nazis flew…and the Russian hammer and sickle too<br />
Time bombs in the lives of Man; but none of these could ever fan<br />
The flames of hatred faster than…The Hyphen.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
The Russian hammer built a wall that locks men's hearts from freedom's call.<br />
A crooked cross flew overhead above twenty million tragic dead<br />
Among them men from this great nation, who died for freedom's preservation.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
A hyphen is a line that's small; It can be a bridge, or be a wall.<br />
A bridge can save you lots of time; a wall you always have to climb.<br />
The road to liberty lies true…The Hyphen's use is up to you.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
Used as a bridge, it can span all the differences of Man.<br />
Being free in mind and soul should be our most important goal.<br />
If you use The Hyphen as a wall, you'll make your life mean...and small.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
An American is a special breed, whose people came to her in need.<br />
They came to her that they might find a world where they'd have peace of mind,<br />
Where men are equal...and something more…stand taller than they stood before.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
So you be wise in your decision, and that little line won't cause division.<br />
Let's join hands with one another...for in this land, each man's your brother.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
United we stand, divided we fall…<br />
We're Americans...and that says it all.</div>
<div style="background-color: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 9px;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-25887115647750738542016-02-12T17:42:00.000-08:002016-03-27T18:31:12.697-07:00"Angels Cry" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Rushing the Land Masses, Cutting and Gorging the Lands, as With Hands These Mighty Rivers...</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
As the Poet begins to write one of his very first poems. He begins to
witness the fallen angel's, that Donald saw fall from Heaven, and then
their encasement into the City of Atlantis, by God's Holy Spirit. As
seen through the eyes of the Angel Donald, when at first it was seen and
witnessed by him. </h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Angels Cry"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
i’ve been alive three thousand plus years<br />
<br />
i’ve seen a single tear amass in turn into streams, then rivers they become<br />
<br />
Filling the depressions upon the lands, lakes they became<br />
<br />
Dammed up unwilling to break; when broken, torrents they become<br />
<br />
Rushing the land masses, cutting and gorging the lands, as with hands<br />
<br />
Mighty rivers streaming to the seas; they became oceans<br />
<br />
A falling angel not yet fallen; a brother of the mighty Michael<br />
<br />
The one who cast that old Dragon out<br />
<br />
That sinful devil; so full of pride, it is he they hide me from<br />
<br />
Because from betwixt his lips, he did but dare; kiss me, with a lie<br />
<br />
“they will take Him from Us they will you know’<br />
<br />
These humans, they must go We were first, you know this much, is true<br />
<br />
The Mighty One has uncannily harmed Us by letting them reproduce<br />
<br />
Let Us not take the hurt<br />
<br />
A war We must make; We deserve Our just desserts<br />
<br />
<br />
i was thrown from heaven; down to the earth, by my dear brother<br />
<br />
“Our Lords Warrior” and one other<br />
<br />
Before the war: Lost in the aftermath of “The Great War”<br />
<br />
Micheal’s brother, his mind erased of all; but, where he, came from<br />
<br />
and not why he, is here now<br />
<br />
my God He hides His face from me, and i do not understand<br />
<br />
my wings have be torn away; away from me they are<br />
<br />
For i am no more a citizen of Heaven’s sweet land<br />
<br />
<br />
But, now a citizen of this earth; yet , my reproduction is given; just not my rebirth<br />
<br />
i’ve been walking this ball of clay, without my brothers or sisters; if you will<br />
<br />
Now all of us, just lambs<br />
<br />
Baying<br />
<br />
<i>A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Somebody Come and Play In the Traffic With Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</b><br />
<br />
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
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<h4>
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<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
<br />
Simply click this link and <b>Grow as you Go</b> <a href="https://b1.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Come and Play In Traffic With Me and My Team at Traffic Authority!</a></div>
<br />
<br />
Everybody Wants Traffic! They All Need Eyes Upon their sites and offerings. <a href="http://everybodywantstraffic.com/" target="_blank">Get That Here!</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S. Everybody Needs Traffic! <a href="https://r2.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Get Top Tier North American Traffic Here!</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S.S. Want to Work From Home? <a href="http://o2lifedrops.com/">O2LifeDrops.com</a> Get your Business Started for FREE Today!</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-4518728352992047662016-02-12T17:41:00.000-08:002016-03-27T18:32:05.557-07:00"Back to My Future" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Poetry: For Fun, a Little Spout Off From a Sad Sacked Poet </h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Poetry for fun, a little twist to sad sack poetry, that is often times found in abundance from new poets and writers a like.</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle">
Back to My Future</h2>
<br />
Everything remains the same<br />
The birds still sing and fly<br />
The sun still rises<br />
<br />
And it still falls, then sets<br />
The tide still rolls in<br />
And it still slips away, everyday<br />
<br />
This earth of ours, it is<br />
Such a well oiled, machine<br />
Still to this very day<br />
<br />
Flowers sprouting, blooming<br />
And then dying<br />
If only I could, I would<br />
<br />
But, everything is still<br />
The same for me<br />
I am lost in history<br />
<br />
“Ours”<br />
<br />
That was my worst subject in school<br />
History<br />
I hated it<br />
<br />
It always implied<br />
That things were over and done<br />
Like where we are today<br />
<br />
Although it was our future<br />
I was looking into<br />
And yet<br />
<br />
I don’t know where<br />
That little monkey came from<br />
Or where he, went<br />
<br />
But, if I ever track him down<br />
He is a goner<br />
Because, I have a banana<br />
<br />
And a bullet, with<br />
His name on it<br />
Bad, monkey bad<br />
<br />
I’ll beat him to death<br />
With his own damned wrench<br />
Oh well I’ve a history to get over<br />
<br />
For it’s back to my future<br />
With out you<br />
You do know <br />
<br />
That I still love you?<br />
<br />
Don’t you?<br />
<br />
<i><br />A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i><br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play In the Traffic With Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</b><br />
<br />
<br />
</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
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<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-42300728442975079692016-02-12T17:39:00.000-08:002016-04-02T12:28:44.603-07:00"My Locked up Heart" ~By Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Poetry: Reflections of unbelief and a strong desire to be restored</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The poets plea of undying love, even after the absents of time and loss from his lover. He is still wishing to be redeemed and restored. </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"My Locked up Heart"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Moonbeams and sunlight, one is<br />
always trying to drown out the other<br />
<br />
A continual fight, day by day<br />
by the dark of night or the light of day<br />
<br />
Homage paid, games I would not play, is this why you went away?<br />
I told you so many times, there is no other love like mine<br />
<br />
It lies deep beneath, in a still and silent mountain, like a dormant volcano<br />
The silent mountain, is all that you see, but beneath it is a sea of lava<br />
<br />
Full of bright reds and oranges, the occasional yellows, and blues <br />
For once this furnace stops glowing, blowing ashes of Gray dust <br />
<br />
It will harden into blacken sand<br />
<br />
I love you, I always have and I always will<br />
At least, the you that loved me<br />
<br />
I know it still lurks deep inside of you <br />
As my injured soul does me<br />
<br />
But, I fear my dear, it may be lost forever<br />
In a pool of your failing tears<br />
<br />
In your fractured heart it lies, as you do<br />
To your new man and he tries<br />
<br />
So hard he tries, to keep it together, for you<br />
But, hear me my lover, once it does explode, and it will<br />
<br />
Into millions of silvery pieces; as fine as the dust of lust<br />
I know this, because mine has already done so, in me you must trust<br />
<br />
Once it does explode the tears shall truly come<br />
Once you realize what we both have done<br />
<br />
No matter how well maintained, these fractures are, they will break<br />
Your heart, maybe not here in the open, filleted and displayed<br />
<br />
Forever only one for to see, believe me no one but I, will know<br />
Or will be able to tell, I know the look of the silence, that fell<br />
<br />
But, yet hidden deep beneath, in my locked up heart<br />
I will know, when yours will need replacing<br />
<br />
So let it be me, please!<br />
I will give you mine again<br />
<br />
<i> by<br />Sinbad the Sailor Man</i></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b> </b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play In the Traffic With Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</b><br />
<br />
<br />
</h3>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
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<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
<br />
Simply click this link and <b>Grow as you Go</b> <a href="https://b1.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Come and Play In Traffic With Me and My Team at Traffic Authority!</a></div>
<br />
<br />
Everybody Wants Traffic! They All Need Eyes Upon their sites and offerings. <a href="http://everybodywantstraffic.com/" target="_blank">Get That Here!</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S. Everybody Needs Traffic! <a href="https://r2.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Get Top Tier North American Traffic Here!</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S.S. Want to Work From Home? <a href="http://o2lifedrops.com/">O2LifeDrops.com</a> Get your Business Started for FREE Today!</span></span><br />
<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-25999871051225184962016-02-10T11:28:00.002-08:002016-03-27T18:33:39.839-07:00We Have Gotten Our First Crew Member on the 6th of February Please Welcome!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
We have finally Shanghied... I mean gotten our first new crew member! She came aboard on the 6th of February 2016<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<br />
Please Welcome!<br />
<br />
Catherine, to the Captains Battle Ship "The Lover of Lost Souls"<br />
<br />
Catherine will lead off our First leg in our Down-line and She be our first lady team member.<br />
<br />
We hope and pray you have joined this crew for the "Full Cruise" The Long Haul and not just one leg of our Journey!<br />
<br />
Your cut of The Treasure awaits you, Cathrine, as well does ours.<br />
<br />
Again, welcome to the Captain's Battle Ship!<br />
<br />
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<b>Somebody Come and Play In the Traffic With Me! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</b><br />
<br />
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-9623564836287169882016-02-06T09:36:00.002-08:002016-04-02T12:31:25.544-07:00"Desperation's are Only Weapons" ~By Sinbad the Sailor Man <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Desperation’s are Only Weapons When we Use Them to Sway Decisions and Then Speaking Without Thinking...</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
A short story poem, with insights and hints of betrayal, and then the
sudden anger remembered from it. Which lowly creature, spun what lie
and stolen our Paradise?</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Desperation's are Only Weapons"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Desperation’s are only weapons<br />
When we use them to sway<br />
And do not use our words to say<br />
<br />
I loved you and still I do today<br />
<br />
I so remember watching you disrobe<br />
For the first time uninhibited by<br />
Shame or concern of what not<br />
<br />
A gift of love that will never every<br />
Be forgot<br />
For that moment in time<br />
<br />
I was yours and you were mine<br />
Like Adam and Eve in the garden<br />
There we needed no pardon<br />
<br />
Where and When did this, wanting <br />
Shame and Concern creep in again<br />
What was it that put us so at un-ease with each other<br />
<br />
Which sin, who sinned, when and why did it begin? <br />
<br />
Which lowly creature<br />
Spun what lie<br />
And stolen our Paradise<br />
<br />
Away from you and I<br />
<br />
I’ve known of the mistrust and<br />
Where it lied but, I did put it away<br />
Until you threatened me, with a separation day<br />
<br />
Then I regurgitated it up, distasteful though it was<br />
I forgave you then and put it on a shelf<br />
To be left alone<br />
<br />
But I pulled it back out<br />
Like a weapon<br />
Not to hurt or to strike you with<br />
<br />
God alone knows this to be true<br />
Those words you threw at me<br />
When I needed you most<br />
<br />
They were eviler then Satan, himself<br />
Although it was out of sight, it was not forgotten<br />
It would have faded away forever<br />
<br />
If only, you would have stayed<br />
<br />
I wish for it to have never happened<br />
<br />
<i> by</i><br />
<i>Sinbad the Sailor Man </i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
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A</div>
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JMK's Production</div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
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Everybody Wants Traffic! They All Need Eyes Upon their sites and offerings. <a href="http://everybodywantstraffic.com/" target="_blank">Get That Here!</a><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-26976835505250211612016-02-06T09:33:00.001-08:002016-03-27T18:35:12.443-07:00"Secretly Seduced was She and Then He" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
A Religious Zealot, Sinbad the Sailor Man's Thoughts on What Happened in the Garden of Eden</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Reflections on what happened in the Garden of Eden from a very zestful fanatical believer and the Captain of his own Ship, the fair Lady the "Lover of Lost Souls" </h3>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/1w.1hmgacg3mloiq/The-garden"><img alt="The garden" src="http://img.wikinut.com/img/1w.1hmgacg3mloiq/jpeg/180x300/The-garden.jpeg" height="113" title="The garden" width="160" /></a></h2>
<div class="imgright" style="text-align: center; width: 164px;">
<div class="imgtitle">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/1w.1hmgacg3mloiq/The-garden">The garden</a></div>
<div class="imgtitle">
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
Secretly Seduced was She and Then He</h2>
<br />
There was no apple in the garden of figs<br />
<br />
No Law, no inhibitions, there was no sin<br />
<br />
To begin the Garden was a place created with out<br />
<br />
Where nudity was not seen even though every one there was naked<br />
<br />
There where, they could freely partake of every tree, except one<br />
<br />
Some one there was under the gun<br />
<br />
Some one was being tested; he would turn<br />
<br />
Heaven is, what Heaven was<br />
<br />
The Garden was it not placed here, on this now our earth?<br />
<br />
Oh man what a plan and whose it is<br />
<br />
How subtle this devil really is, how cunning, and crafty; to destroy our paradise<br />
<br />
He sealed his own fate with one sentence<br />
<br />
With a gift every man or woman could have wanted; to be Omnivorous<br />
<br />
To be as God to have our eyes wide opened to know that which God does<br />
<br />
To truly live forgot she of the Father’s warning not to eat or even to touch<br />
<br />
This tree of Knowledge of Good and evil<br />
<br />
For when you do you shall surely die<br />
<br />
God didn’t say when or why, for time was of no matter then<br />
<br />
Until they all disobeyed that clock did not start ticking<br />
<br />
Satan didn’t want us to live, to partake, or to share; he wanted us gone<br />
<br />
And he still does you all should know and be aware<br />
<br />
This is why he did what he did<br />
<br />
Oh he was most fair to look upon to every one<br />
<br />
God himself said he made him the “full pattern”<br />
<br />
Even the angels did not dare test him<br />
<br />
Further still he did instruct a third of Heaven<br />
<br />
Maybe that is why he was there in the Garden ; for instruction<br />
<br />
We’ll have to wait till the conclusion of this our story<br />
<br />
Oh little children do not worry<br />
<br />
I have read the ending to this story; the first book<br />
<br />
I eagerly await, to never see its sequel<br />
<br />
Amen <br />
<br />
<i>A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-32246718706249063382016-02-06T09:30:00.001-08:002016-03-27T18:35:48.987-07:00"Hidden Gold" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
It Lies Deep Beneath the Mud and Muck, This Golden Treasure, Hidden Under Rushing Fears and Rivers of Tears.</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Seed begins to grow beneath the mountains of the Snow's. A seed planted
and revealed; and then its fruit is revealed for the first time, but it
has become to late, for the one who planted it.</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle">
Hidden Gold</h2>
<div class="imgright" style="width: 184px;">
<div class="imgmain">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/unsn42-9.4uvyogz/The-Moutains-of-the-Snow-s"><img alt="The Moutains of the Snow's" src="http://img.wikinut.com/img/unsn42-9.4uvyogz/jpeg/180x300/The-Moutains-of-the-Snow-s.jpeg" height="117" title="The Moutains of the Snow's" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="imgtitle">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/unsn42-9.4uvyogz/The-Moutains-of-the-Snow-s">The Mountains of the Snow's</a></div>
</div>
<br />
It lies deep beneath the mud and the muck<br />
Under rushing fears and rivers of tears<br />
Stones; entrusted rocks<br />
<br />
Filled only by the one with the yellow locks<br />
Who taught and taught<br />
Life with out love, is not<br />
<br />
<br />
Forlorn Cads; stormed and torn these mountains<br />
Rushing waters run around, snowy mounds<br />
Nuggets therefore thrown upon the frozen grounds<br />
<br />
<br />
Heart aches unmentioned<br />
Mined for; by only Fools<br />
Rusted chunks of iron<br />
<br />
<br />
Seed begins to grow<br />
Beneath the mountains of Snow's<br />
Yet her soul, is and was set a glow <br />
<br />
<br />
Broken glass, pouting lips<br />
Sinking; a battling ship<br />
Stuffed within her, a wondrous treasure<br />
<br />
<br />
Deep beneath the freezing seas<br />
The golden son, sups beneath these trees<br />
Rooted within the sands of old, a young lad begins to grow<br />
<br />
<br />
These devils pretend; men never again to be<br />
And Satan, Captain of them all, but only thieves<br />
They return once more to be redeemed<br />
<br />
<br />
This dame and her flames of unwavering favor<br />
Passages from Hell befell, Satan smelled and savored<br />
Melting Snow's; UN-flavored, and UN-wavered<br />
<br />
<br />
Stolen mounds they did, from Holy Grounds<br />
Unholy men must be weighed and measured<br />
Hidden within the Snow's; one young master<br />
<br />
<br />
Within him Rings an unmeasured Talent<br />
The Master is worth his weight in gold<br />
No pirates soul was found alive<br />
<br />
<br />
Only solid gold abounds, and thrives<br />
Beneath his flesh, her only love runs through<br />
But at last, a final word and then the truth<br />
<br />
<br />
Upon It's chest, a lock of Golden's hair<br />
Perched between It's hands a sword<br />
Wrapped is he, in a darkened gown<br />
<br />
<br />
Reclaimed the locket that once was worn by his Holy Mother<br />
Who's golden heart clenched the young master<br />
From the heathen's deathly hands, he laid them all asunder <br />
<br />
<br />
Its now the Holy Mothers, only son<br />
These sisters gather round, Golden's boy<br />
As they lower (Satan's clowns) into the ground<br />
<br />
<br />
This Devil did not know or did he hear<br />
Of their Golden's boy, hidden there<br />
Planted years ago, among the Snow's<br />
<br />
So carelessly by he<br />
<br />
<i> A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i><br />
<br />
<br />
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Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
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The Man Inside the Man</div>
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<h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-1123395751421928382016-02-06T09:28:00.002-08:002016-03-27T18:36:36.381-07:00"The Patter of Little Feet" ~By Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
A Story Poem, of a Man's Story as Told Through the Eyes of One of His, Children</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
A story of a father's life, after his divorce. As told through the eyes of one of his children and their eyes. "The Patter of Little Feet" was a teary eyed tale for this author to write. As it parallels his own life story. </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"The Patter of Little Feet"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
No longer do they dance about gleefully, after ever pout<br />
With out a doubt, the magic is now gone<br />
<br />
There remains a frown; a smile turned up side down<br />
No more pleading daddy why, why can’t we stay<br />
<br />
Why are these things this way?<br />
Only mommy answers questions now<br />
<br />
She gives the directions and how<br />
Daddy, when will we dance again?<br />
<br />
They are now four from five, and there for<br />
The one, his tear drops fly<br />
Mommy said: that she and daddy were through<br />
<br />
There was nothing we three could do<br />
We did not understand her words, we just cried, too<br />
Daddy left our home, after my brother’s ninth birthday party<br />
<br />
And he thought that he did some thing wrong<br />
But, daddy said: that he did not<br />
And that he shouldn’t feel that way<br />
<br />
Daddy said: that he didn’t know what did go wrong<br />
And that’s about all he could say<br />
There is a new baby at our new house<br />
<br />
There he dances and he watches Mickey Mouse<br />
There his daddy plays with him, alone<br />
<br />
This is his house, he has made that perfectly clear<br />
His baby gets our moms attention too, now; and we tear<br />
<br />
We no longer; do get enough, we fear <br />
Why has our life’s become so tough? We tear<br />
<br />
Mom’s new man doesn’t play with us<br />
And we do not under stand<br />
But, silently we care<br />
<br />
He doesn’t say he loves or<br />
That he even cares<br />
Why is our life so unfair? <br />
<br />
He puts my dad and my brothers down<br />
He pays to much attention to me<br />
And that makes my brother’s frown<br />
<br />
We three do hear the patter of, his son’s little feet<br />
As they walk all over us<br />
We think our little brother is sweet<br />
<br />
But, not really, he is spoiled<br />
<br />
Things here really stink<br />
We try to be happy for our mom<br />
But, we are not<br />
<br />
It is not the same<br />
Mom she is pretending to be sane<br />
I no longer believe she is<br />
<br />
No one here is really happy<br />
We all think our lives now, are truly crappy<br />
I know she is not happy; our mom <br />
<br />
She will not marry him<br />
And now she can not<br />
He only pretends to be, like my dad<br />
<br />
But, he did things to me, that were bad<br />
And then he said I was bad, that made me sad <br />
So I told my dad<br />
<br />
And he got really mad<br />
So mad, that he promised mom<br />
That he would kill him, if she didn’t leave him <br />
<br />
So now, every thing is all a mess<br />
Mom’s boyfriend did confess<br />
<br />
But, still daddy is not allowed to come around<br />
The Judges have him on restraints<br />
<br />
Because; mommy said, he was insane<br />
But, she knew for sure, that daddy didn’t lie<br />
So they lock my mom ‘s old man away<br />
<br />
We see our dad around town, now and again<br />
He always has a smile for us, he loves us<br />
He must, for when we part; and go our separated ways<br />
<br />
I can see him cry to the patter of defeat<br />
<br />
by<br />
<i>Sinbad the Sailor Man</i></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
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A</div>
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<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-34314568722549901102016-02-06T09:27:00.002-08:002016-07-17T20:17:56.128-07:00"Under the Weeping Willow Tree" ~By Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
A Story Poem, of Life's Hard Choices and Reflections of Loves Failings, Pro-Life! It Is Not a Choice! </h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The author is attempting to relate three generations and never imply a
actual personage, but instead an actual time-line of events, common in
our world today. Pro-Life! It Is Not a Choice! </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Under the Weeping Willow Tree"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
A gift was given to the world wrapped up with out an ounce of love or joy<br />
It grew a short bit of time until it was found out it might have been a boy<br />
<br />
A young wounded child of God or not, taught by society to fear our Father not<br />
This young lass feared the rebuke and the responsibility of bearing such a thing, this ill-gotten fruit<br />
<br />
Little Darling labored hard in her decision of life or death she wished to fore go her first real test<br />
She remembered she had always wished to be loved and wondered if she could destroy some others <br />
<br />
Dreams, now given away<br />
<br />
Poor Little, Darling has never believed in much of anything, she never felt her mother’s touch, for her Mother was put away<br />
Raised in the Hellish Orphanage where the Devil wielded the caretaker’s hands<br />
<br />
Poor Little, Darling always thought there was more to this world of filthy lucre and liquor<br />
She has seen it in others, in their mothers eyes, were these too, just lies?<br />
<br />
Poor Little, Darling wondered how and why she has lived the life she has lived<br />
In disgust Poor Little, Darling wanted it not for this child she thought she could not love, but in her sadden views<br />
<br />
Shown a bit, a little light on the paper that she read, atop of her new found Bible book<br />
In an odd ad that read; please help! Young couple wants child badly they pleaded in desperation<br />
<br />
We will pay fifty thousand plus expenses there was a brief description of their qualifications<br />
A young handsome couple with everything money could buy and very thing a child could want<br />
<br />
Or so this young, life-lined, schooled, girl thought<br />
<br />
Than Poor Little, Darling began to wonder can a soul be bought? Even Christ paid, but He left the choice up to us<br />
What should I do? That she could not decide as she sat on that lonely park bench, the one she had often placed her head in<br />
<br />
Her empty folded hands, she clenched as she cried, why? Why me, Lord why, me? What should I do? They could be cruel too<br />
Should I send this child back to you?<br />
<br />
Just than came along old Tom a black cat, purring and wagging his tail<br />
Poor Little, Darling knew him all too well, as she sat often and fed him scraps of her scraps<br />
<br />
She begun to pet and talk to him when just then, fell upon the thick green lawn, from the heavens above<br />
A baby sparrow’s throne, thrown out from her nest; the young chick had failed to fly her first test<br />
<br />
This
confused little darling, landed alright, but floundered a bit and then
ran under the very bench were Poor Little, Darling and Tom sit<br />
Now Tom was all excited a free lunch he thought, but Poor Little, Darling would not let that old cat go, to claim this prize<br />
<br />
So Tom began to meow and too cry, but she held him tight<br />
As Poor Little, Darling sat there and cried a young bearded man passing by asked her why?<br />
<br />
Then He seen the fallen sparrow chirping and Tom hissing and clawing<br />
He scooped the young chick up and gently told her to fly back to her low lined nest<br />
<br />
Into the Weeping Willow Tree, she fluttered a while and then from out of his hands<br />
This lady of the light she took flight, Poor Little, Darling then let that old cat go<br />
<br />
As Tom danced around the bottom of the tree <br />
Poor Little, Darling she turned instantly; to try and thank the young man, but he had to be on his way<br />
<br />
As He went He said: ”Have a good day and may The Father bless you”<br />
She wore a slighted smile as He walked away, her decision she just then made<br />
<br />
Life is a gift, one mustn’t throw it or give it away<br />
<br />
<i> by</i><br />
<i> Sinbad the Sailor Man</i></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
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A</div>
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JMK's Production</div>
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<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
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<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-56356036542716897642016-02-06T09:25:00.003-08:002016-03-27T18:38:07.364-07:00"Love" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Poetry: A Poem Depicted as all Over the Place by the Formatting, of "Love" and Its Confusions</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
A poem that runs all over the page with depictions of "Love"</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Love"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
It could happen when unadulterated lust does<br />
So take control of yourselves; you puppies<br />
<br />
When you, go out Cat-ting or casting lines<br />
<br />
Baiting those hooks and then reeling them in<br />
But, incidentally the same can and often does<br />
<br />
Just happen; without trying, it is so mysterious and so unfathomable<br />
<br />
Impossible to restrain, hard to obtain, and rarely does it<br />
<br />
Remain<br />
<br />
With one for a life time<br />
<br />
but<br />
<br />
Forever it will leave a stain<br />
<br />
It can hunger as a pack of starving Tigers<br />
<br />
or<br />
even <br />
worst<br />
Hyenas<br />
<br />
It’s torments are underrated, its undependable, and uncontrollable <br />
<br />
Immovable, unshakable, and lighter than air<br />
<br />
By far the best drug I have ever been on <br />
<br />
As now I am addicted to it<br />
<br />
I would cut my limbs off, one digit at a time<br />
<br />
To retain it in it’s purest form<br />
<br />
It is when lost, a murderous<br />
<br />
Thing, love is<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times";"></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;">Share this page, If you liked It Pass it on, If you loved It <a href="https://youtu.be/yO9HPRU9AJo" target="_blank">Follow Me</a>!</span></h4>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br /><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
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<br />
<br />
Everybody Wants Traffic! They All Need Eyes Upon their sites and offerings. <a href="http://everybodywantstraffic.com/" target="_blank">Get That Here!</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S. Everybody Needs Traffic! <a href="https://r2.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Get Top Tier North American Traffic Here!</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S.S. Want to Work From Home? <a href="http://o2lifedrops.com/">O2LifeDrops.com</a> Get your Business Started for FREE Today!</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"> </span></span><br /></div>
</div>
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</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-14165669230138637462016-02-06T09:22:00.001-08:002016-03-27T18:38:48.657-07:00"Sixty Seconds Until the Abyss" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Memories Being Devoured by a Sea of Locust, Green Monsters With an Appetite, for Lovers’...</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The speed of "Time", in human equations, as too life spans and memories.</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<div class="imgright" style="text-align: center; width: 184px;">
<div class="imgmain">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/20ehzfyv8qvrafem/The-Abyss"><img alt="The Abyss" src="http://img.wikinut.com/img/20ehzfyv8qvrafem/jpeg/180x300/The-Abyss.jpeg" height="247" title="The Abyss" width="180" /></a></div>
<div class="imgtitle">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/20ehzfyv8qvrafem/The-Abyss">The Abyss</a></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Sixty Seconds Until the Abyss"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Standing up or sitting down, lying flat upon the ground<br />
<br />
A grassy knoll or a copper plate, wired to the switch of fate<br />
<br />
Coming in, fading out, a loss of focus<br />
<br />
<a class="external" href="http://youtu.be/wxHOxCmbs-8" target="_blank" title="Memories being devoured by a sea of locust">Memories being devoured by a sea of locust</a><br />
<br />
Green Monsters with an appetite, for lovers foolish afterthoughts<br />
<br />
Glimpses of the past, pheromones have scarred the heart<br />
<br />
Dying scenes, pictures torn, not wishing to mourn<br />
<br />
The scorn<br />
<br />
Seas of blue, egos bruised, a mist, a trip into the past<br />
<br />
Lovers history, thirty seconds have past<br />
<br />
Twenty seconds more<br />
<br />
Convinced they'll walk through the door<br />
<br />
Into your Field of Vision, straight into your loving arms<br />
<br />
Five clicks of the second hand</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="section-1" name="You-are-Walking-in-a-Barren-Land"></a></div>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
You are Walking in a Barren Land</h2>
<div class="imgtop" style="text-align: center; width: 704px;">
<div class="imgmain">
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/ookrve-0vs64nbxy/The-Barren-Land"><img alt="The Barren Land" src="http://img.wikinut.com/img/ookrve-0vs64nbxy/jpeg/700x1000/The-Barren-Land.jpeg" height="299" title="The Barren Land" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="http://writing.wikinut.com/img/ookrve-0vs64nbxy/The-Barren-Land">The Barren Land</a><br />
<div class="imgtitle">
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<br />
One… two… three, the skies darken<br />
<br />
A single click, and you are feeling ill<br />
<br />
At last the minute has run it's course<br />
<br />
A single wish set free, among-st the many flung into the air<br />
<br />
You curse them all with a lisp, yet only sixty seconds have passed <br />
<br />
Until the Abyss<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i><br />
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times";"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times";"></span></span></div>
<div class="tags">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;">Share this page, If you liked It Pass it on, If you loved It <a href="https://youtu.be/yO9HPRU9AJo" target="_blank">Follow Me</a>!</span></h4>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
<br /><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Somebody Come and Play</b> in "Traffic" with me. If you would like to "Join" A Growing Biz Op! Here is Your Chance to get in an <b>Earn While You Learn</b> to Do <b>"The Thing"</b> with us all here at Traffic Authority.<br />
<br />
Simply click this link and <b>Grow as you Go</b> <a href="https://b1.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Come and Play In Traffic With Me and My Team at Traffic Authority!</a></div>
<br />
<br />
Everybody Wants Traffic! They All Need Eyes Upon their sites and offerings. <a href="http://everybodywantstraffic.com/" target="_blank">Get That Here!</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S. Everybody Needs Traffic! <a href="https://r2.trafficauthority.net/donald7569" target="_blank">Get Top Tier North American Traffic Here!</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">P.S.S. Want to Work From Home? <a href="http://o2lifedrops.com/">O2LifeDrops.com</a> Get your Business Started for FREE Today!</span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03154186553103808848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1051810381284448387.post-30686071968552516532016-02-06T09:19:00.001-08:002016-03-27T18:39:43.588-07:00"Stay" ~A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
I Wrote You a Song It’s Called; "Were You Kid-napped by King Kong"</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Poetry: For fun a little thing I threw together for my eleven year old
she likes these kinds of poems and not the ones I write. </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h2 class="sectiontitle" style="text-align: center;">
"Stay"</h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Where did you go, where have you been?<br />
<br />
I thank God that you’ve, come back again<br />
<br />
Why did you leave, was it me? I’ve missed you for so long<br />
<br />
I wrote you a song<br />
<br />
It’s called; "Were You Kid-napped by King Kong"<br />
<br />
Why did you stay away from us; was it me? If it was, I’m so sorry<br />
<br />
Are you here to stay? Or in the morning will you be gone?<br />
<br />
You know; I love you, so much and I have for so long<br />
<br />
I can’t bare the thought of you gone<br />
<br />
Please! Come on in, sit right down<br />
<br />
Let me go and get you, your crown<br />
<br />
Please stay, please stay with me<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>A thought by Sinbad the Sailor Man</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
Somebody Come and Play! Earn as You Learn, Grow as You Go!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times";"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "times";"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWicvfarC39JhqPqdMtRiBgOu-JF8W7RQ1qhqyDosin0WUwBtGepF6NRPxW4ufO689vz_KGMKpKRtVZ8swru8RhBmcv1vlMV3LEoZtvAcXOVtInaSOrQwwLt4LezIvYcTRwTJyk7ofHY/s1600/maninside.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Man Inside the Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sinbad the Sailor Man</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JMK's Production</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="mailto:jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com">jmksbabydog2@yahoo.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.info/">Sinbadthesailorman.info</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.com/">Sinbadthesailorman.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.net/">Sinbadthesailorman.net</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sinbadthesailorman.org/">Sinbadthesailorman.org</a></div>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 17.3333333333333px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">TTFN</sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">CYA Later Taters! </sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Thanks for watching.</sup><br />
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man </sup></div>
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